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Internet Ancient History Sourcebook:

Full Texts

See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections.

Links to full texts of books available at this and other sites will be listed here. The texts are also integrated within the overall structure of the Sourcebook. This listing is to aid compilers of web guides to online books, etc.

The books that tend to have been put online here, or those that have been linked, tend to be those entire books that are often assigned to students in college classes to be read along with the more usual excerpted texts.

• Human Origins
  • Full texts here
  • Full texts elsewhere
• Mesopotamia
  • Full texts here
  • Full texts elsewhere
• Egypt
  • Full texts here
  • Full texts elsewhere
• Israel
  • Full texts here
  • Full texts elsewhere
• Greece
  • Full texts here
    • Historians
    • Poets
    • Dramatists
    • Philosophers
    • Orators
    • Other
  • Full texts elsewhere
    • Historians
    • Poets
    • Dramatists
    • Novels
    • Philosophers
    • Orators
    • Science
    • Other
• Rome
  • Full texts here
    • Historians
    • Poets
    • Thinkers
    • Other
  • Full texts elsewhere
    • Historians
    • Poets
    • Thinkers
    • Other
• Christian
  • Full texts here
  • Full texts elsewhere
• Asian Texts
  • Full texts here
  • Full texts elsewhere

• Full texts here
• Full texts elsewhere

Back to Index

• Full texts here
  • Code of Hammarabi c.1780 BCE
• Full texts elsewhere
  • Epic of Gilgamesh, entire text [At Near Eastern Resources/piney.com]
    Somewhat hard to read in this format.
  • WEB Avesta Page [Website]
    A significant collection of Zoroastrian texts.

Back to Index

• Full texts here
• Full texts elsewhere
  • The Memphite Theology [At Internet Archive, from Creighton]
    Ptah as creator god.
  • The Book of Ani, or the Egyptian Book of the Dead [At Upenn][Full text in E. Wallis Budge's translation.]

Back to Index

• Full texts here
  • Book of Genesis
  • Book of Exodus
  • Amos (8th Cent. BCE): Book of Amos
  • Book of Job
• Full texts elsewhere
  • WEB Old Testament Pseudepigrapha [Website] Full texts.
  • WEB Dead Sea Scroll Texts [At UPenn]
  • Josephus (37- after 93 CE): Complete Works [At CCEL]
    Includes Antiquities of the Jews, The Jewish War and Against Apion

Back to Index

• Full texts here
  • Historians
    • Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE)
      • The Histories 440BCE [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
    • Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE)
      • History of the Peloponnesian War
        [MSWord files, in Greek with embedded fonts]
        • Book I
        • Book II
        • Book III
    • Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
      • The Athenian Constitution [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
    • Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE)
      • Anabasis, or March Up Country or Persia Expedition
    • Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE)
      • Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE): Description of Greece: Book I: Attica (Athens and Megara)
      • Description of Greece: Book II: Corinth
  • Poets
    • Homer (c.8th Cent. BCE)
      • The Iliad trans. Samuel Butler [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • Homer: The Odyssey  [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • The Odyssey
        Complete text [in one 769k HTML file] of the translation by Samuel Henry Butcher (1850-1910) and Andrew Lang (1844-1912) [Harvard Classics series]
  • Dramatists
    • Aeschylus (525-456 BCE)
      • Agamemnon [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • Eumendides [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
    • Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE)
      • Antigone 442 BCE [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
    • Euripides (c.485-406 BCE)
      • The Bacchae [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • Hippolytus [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
  • Philosophers
    • Plato (427-347 BCE)
      • The Meno  [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • The Gorgias  [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • The Symposium [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • The Symposium [HTML]
      • The Republic [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • The Crito [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • The Phaedo [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • The Phaedrus [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
    • Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
      • WEB Complete On-Line Works and Commentary. [At Bjorn]
      • Nichomachean Ethics [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • Politics [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • Metaphysics [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • Physics [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • Poetics [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
    • Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE)
      • The Symposium
    • (Pseudo)-Plutarch
      • Des Opinions des philosophes
        Full text of a French translation. This seems to have been the first collection of placita in terms of philosopher's opinions organized into themes.
  • Orators
    • Aeschines (c.390-c.322 BCE)
      • Against Timarchus
      • On the Embassy
  • Other
    • The Law Code of Gortyn (Crete), c. 450 BCE 
    • Aesop (6th Century BCE): Fables, HTML,
    • Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): The Training of Children, c. 110 CE
• Full texts elsewhere
  • Historians
    • Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE)
      • The Histories 440BCE [At MIT]
      • The Histories 440BCE [At Parstimes][Chapter length files]
    • Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE)
      • History of the Peloponnesian War, 431 BCE [At MIT][Chapter length files]
    • Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
      • The Athenian Constitution [At MIT]
    • Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
      • Lives [At MIT]
• Poets
  • Homer (c.8th Cent. BCE)
    • Homeric Fragments [At OMACL]
    • Homeric Hymns [At OMACL]
    • The Iliad trans. Samuel Bulter [At MIT]
    • The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butler [At MIT]
    • The Odyssey trans. S.H. Butcher and A. Lang [At Bartleby]
  • Hesiod (c.700 BCE)
    • Works and Days [At OMACL]
    • Theogony [At OMACL]
  • Sappho (c.580 BCE)
    • Poems, at [Sappho.com]
• Dramatists [Former ERIS text no longer online]
  • Aeschylus (525-456 BCE
    • The Suppliants prob. 463 BCE
    • Oresteia trilogy 458 BCE
      • Agamemnon [See above under Full texts here]
      • The Choephori
      • Eumendides [See above under Full texts here]
    • The Seven Against Thebes 467BCE
    • Prometheus Bound date unknown
    • The Persians 472 BCE
    • The Persians 472 BCE [annotated HTML] [At Calgary]
    • The Persians 472 BCE [At Saskatchewan]
  • Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE)
    • Ajax 440 BCE
    • Antigone 442 BCE [See above under Full texts here]
      Antigone 442 BCE [At Diotima]
      A much more modern translation, with extensive annotation.
    • Electra btw. 418-410 BCE
    • Philoctetes 409 BCE
    • Oedipus the King c.430 BCE
      See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
    • Oedipus at Colonna c.405/6 BCE [At MIT]
    • The Trachiniae c.430 BCE
  • Euripides (c.485-406 BCE)
    • Alcestis
    • Andromache
    • The Bacchae [See above under Full texts here]
    • The Cyclops
    • Electra
    • Hecuba
    • Helen
    • The Heracleidae
    • Heracles
    • Hippolytus [See above under Full texts here]
    • Ion
    • Iphigenia at Aulis
    • Iphigenia In Tauris
    • Medea
      Orestes
    • The Phoenissae
    • Rhesus
    • The Suppliants
    • The Trojan Women
  • Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE)
    • The Acharnians 425 BCE  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • The Birds 414 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • The Clouds 423 BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • The Ecclesiazusae (Women in Politics)  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • The Frogs 405 BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • The Knights 424BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • Lysistrata 411 BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • Peace 421 BCE  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • Plutus 382 BCE (his last play)  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • The Thesmophorizusae 411BCE  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    • The Wasps 422 BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • Menander (342/1-293/89 BCE)
    • Family Values: Epitrepontes (aka The Arbitrants)[At U. Texas][Reconstructed Text]
• Novels
  • Apollonius of Rhodes (c.295-after 247 BCE): Argonautica [At OMACL]
  • Quintus Smyrnaeus (fl. f4th Cent CE): The Fall of Troy [At OMACL]
  • Lucius Apuleius (c. 123-c. 170 CE): Metamorphoses or The Golden Ass [At Eserver] Latin Text [At Bibliotheca Augustana]
    Adlington's translation, 1566
• Philosophers
  • Plato (427-347 BCE)
    • The Apology, [At EAWC]
    • Last Days of Socrates [Website]
      Texts from Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo.
    • The Meno [At MIT]
      Ion [At MIT]
    • The Republic [At MIT][Chapter length files]
    • The Crito [At MIT]
    • The Symposium [At Adelaide][Chapter length files]
    • (ps.-?) Plato: Seventh Letter: To the Relatives and Friends of Dion,  [At UPenn]
  • Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
    • Aristotle (384-323 BCE): Poetics [At MIT][Chapter length files]
  • Epicurus (342-270 BCE)
    • Letter to Menoecius [At At Internet Archive, from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
    • Principal Doctrines [At Epicurus.net]
• Science
  • WEB Euclid (c.300 BCE): Elements [At Clark]
  • Galen (129-199 CE): On the Natural Faculties, [At MIT][Chapter files] or one text file [ERIS]
  • Galen (129-199 CE): On the Natural Faculties, [At Medicina Antiqua, formerly ERIS]
  • Galen (129-199 CE): On Hippocrates On the Nature of Man [At Medicina Antiqua, formerly ERIS]
    Part One
  • WEB Hippocratic Texts (c.430-330 BCE)[MIT][Selected Texts]
  • Hero of Alexandria (fl/ 62 CE): Pneumatics   [At Steam Engine Library]
  • Claudius Ptolemy (C.127-148 CE) : The Geography [At Lacus Curtius/Kansas]
• Other
  • Aesop (d. 564 BCE): Fables, text, [At Eserver]
  • Lucius Apulieus (c.123-c.170 CE): Apologia [At UPenn]
    Full text in Latin and English, or see translation by Butler [At MIT]

Back to Index

• Full texts here
  • Historians
    • Polybius  (c.200-after 118 BCE)
      • Rome at the End of the Punic Wars [History, Book 6] [At this Site]
    • Tacitus: (b.56/57-after 117 CE)
      • Annals  [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
      • Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola, c.98 CE  trans. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb. [At this Site]
      • Germania. trans. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb.[At Medieval Sourcebook]  
      • Germania, trans. Thomas Gordon, full text,  Also available in Latin. [At Medieval Sourcebook]  
    • Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE)
      • De Vita Caesarum, Divus Iulius (The Lives of the Caesars, The Deified Julius), written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation.  [At this Site]
      • Life of Augustus, complete, Worthington translation [At this Site]
      • De Vita Caesarum: Caius Caligula (The Lives of the Caesars: Caius Caligula), written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation, [At this Site]
    • Aelius Spartianus: Life of Hadrian, (r. 117-138 CE.), complete.  [At this Site]
  • Poets
    • Lucretius (98-c.55 BCE)
      • The Nature of Things [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
    • Juvenal (c. 55/60-127 CE):
      • Satire 1 Latin | Satire 1 English | Satire 1 English/Latin
      • Satire 2 Latin | Satire 2 English | Satire 2 English/Latin
      • Satire 3 Latin | Satire 3 English | Satire 3 English/Latin
      • The rest of the Latin/English text is in preparation for this site.
  • Thinkers
    • Cicero (105-43 BCE)
      • Cicero (105-43 BCE): Selected Letters. 36 selected letters. [At this Site]
      • Cicero (105-43 BCE): On Friendship, or Laelius, full text, trans by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh [At this Site]
      • Cicero (105-43 BCE): On Friendship, or Laelius, full text, trans by W. Melmoth [At this Site]
      • Cicero (105-43 BCE): Old Age, c. 65 BCE (Harvard Classics series)[At this Site]
    • Marcus Aurelius Antonius (b.121-r.161-d.180 CE)
      • Meditations, 167 CE
    • Plotinus (c.205-c.270 CE)
      • Six Enneads [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
    • The Emperor Julian
      • Mispogon (or "Beard-Hater")[At this Site]
  • Other
    • Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE)
      • Selected Letters, c 100 CE (Harvard Classics series)[At this Site]
        Selected letters: General (110 letters), and Correspondence with the Emperor Trajan (122 letters).
      • Letters, Book X. 25ff :  The Correspondence of a Provincial Governor and the Emperor Trajan, c. 112 CE [At this Site]
• Full texts elsewhere
  • Historians
    • Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE):
      • War Commentaries [At M Univ]
      • War Commentaries [At MIT]
    • Sallust (prob.86-35 BCE)
      • The Catiline Conspiracy, 63 BCE [At Forum Romanorum]
    • Livy (59 BCE-17 CE)
      History of Rome Complete surving text online in English translation [At Virginia]
      • Volume I [Books 1-5], Volume II [Books 6-10],
      • Volume III [Books 21-25], Volume IV [Books 26-32]
      • Volume V [Books 33-39], Volume VI [Books 40-45]
    • Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE)
      • Acts of the Divine Augustus (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) [At MIT]
      • Res Gestae [In Latin][At CSUN]
    • Josephus (37- after 93 CE)
      • Complete Works [At CCEL]
        Includes Antiquities of the Jews, The Jewish War and Against Apion
    • Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
      • Lives [At MIT]
    • Tacitus: (b.56/57-after 117 CE)
      • The Life of Gnaeus Julius Agricola [At UNRV]
      • Annals [At MIT]
      • Histories [At MIT]
      • Annals and Histories, Full texts  [At M Univ]
    • Nicolaus of Damascus (1st Cent CE): Life of Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE)[At CSUN]
    • Aurelius Victor, Liber de Caesaribus 13: Trajan [In Latin][At CSUN]
    • Aelius Spartianus (dates?): Life of Caracalla (r.211-217 CE) [At Heliogabby]
    • Aelius Lampridius (dates?): Life of Heligabulus and in Latin (r.218-222 CE)[At Heliogabby][Full Text]
  • Poets
    • Plautus (d.184 BCE)
      • The Brothers Menaechmus [At Internet Archive, from Rhodes]
      • Aulularia [At Forum Romanorum] or in Latin [At Latin Library]
    • Virgil (70-19 BCE)
      • Virgil (70-19 BCE): The Aeneid, Dryden translation, [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter files]
        See 2ND Study Guide [At Internet Archive, from Brooklyn College]
      • Aelius Donatus (fl. 350 CE): Life of Virgil, tr. David Wilson-Okamura [At Virgil.org]Petronius Arbiter (c.27-66 CE): Satyricon c.61 CE
    • Petronius Arbiter
      • The Satyricon, translated by Alfred R. Allinson, 1930. [English translation linked to Latin text] [At Sacred Text Archive] Also in Latin [At Latin Library]
        [Note that most modern teachers would use the Arrowsmith translation (New American Library) which is considered to be very good.]
    • Juvenal (c. 55/60-127 CE)
      • Satires 1,2,3,8,9, trans. N. Rudd, [At Princeton]
    • Avianus (fl. c. 400 CE): Fabulae in Latin [At UPenn]
    • Priapea (collected 5th Cent CE) in Latin [At IPA]
  • Thinkers
    • Cicero (105-43 BCE)
      • Cicero (105-43 BCE): First Oration Against Catiline 63 BCE [At Bartleby]
      • WEB Cicero Homepage [At Utexas] for texts in Latin
• Plotinus (c.205-c.270 CE)
  • Six Enneads [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter files]
• Porphyry (232/3-c.305 CE)
  • On Images [At MIT][Full Text]

• Other
  • Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus) (39-65 CE)
    • Pharsalia (aka "The Civil War") [At OMACL]
  • Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE): The Letters of Pliny the Consul. With Occasional Remarks., Vol.2, (Tenth Edition), William Melmoth, London (1805) [lightly emended] Book 10 [At Princeton]
  • Pliny the Elder (23/4-79 CE): Natural History in Latin [At LacusCurtius][Full Text]
  • Quintilian (b.30/35-c.100 CE): The Ideal Education, The Institutes, Book 1: 1-26, c. 90 CE [At this Site]
  • Quintilian (b.30/35-c.100 CE): Institutes of Oratory, c.96 CE [At Iowa State]
  • Apicius (proverbial gourmet): De Re Coquinaria (4th Cent CE). Ancient Roman Recipes [At CMU]
  • Notitia Dignitatum (Register of Dignitaries), c. 400 [At this Site]

Back to Index

• Full texts elsewhere
  • Gospel of Mark [Greek Text] [At UPenn][GreekKeys and BETA]
  • The Critical Text of Q [At Internet Archive - has since been published]
  • The Didache (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) 2nd Cent CE [At Spurgeon.org]
  • Gospel of Peter (2nd century) [At Internet Archive, from Theological Network]
  • Tertullian (c.155-after 220 CE): The Apology [At New Advent] or here [At CCEL]
    A Christian view of the persecutions.
  • WEB Gnostic Society Virtual Library [Website]
  • WEB Gnostics Society Library [Website]
  • WEB The Non-Canonical Homepage [Website]
  • Marcion (2nd Cent CE): Gospel of the Lord c. 130 CE [At Gnostic Society]
  • The Nag Hammadi Library
    • WEB Complete Texts [at gnosis.org]
    • WEB Complete Texts [At UPenn]

Back to Index

• Full texts here
  • The Laws of Manu, c. 1500 BCE, full text, 
  • Kautilya: The Arthashastra, c. 250 BCE
    Extensive selections
• Full texts elsewhere
  • Ashoka (c. 265-238 BCE; also given as c. 273-232 BCE): The Edicts of King Ashoka, complete, [At Colorado State]

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NOTES:

Dates of accession of material added since July 1998 can be seen in the New Additions page..

The date of inception was 4/8/1998.

Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location].

Locally available texts are marked by .

WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview.

The Internet Ancient History Sourcebook is part of the
Internet History Sourcebooks Project.

The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of  Fordham University, New York. The Internet Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University.  Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action.

© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 20 January 2021 [Curriculum vitae]