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Byzantine Historiography

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by Paul Halsall, 1997 See also the document on Byzantine Sources in Translation

Some cultures have history as distinct field of interest, some don't. Among those that do not we may list the ancient Egyptians, where apparently the lone Egyptian historian, Manetho, wrote for Greeks, and Indian culture, where the history of the subcontinent has to be gleaned largely from Greek, Persian, and Chinese sources. Among those cultures that do value history, a number stand out: the Jewish tradition in particular has affected all later Jewish, Christian and Muslim civilization and world views. In terms of continuity the two longest such historiographical traditions seem to have been that of the Chinese and the Greeks. The Greek tradition, beginning with Herodotos, Thukydides continued throughout Antiquity. Less well known is that it continued in Byzantium, the subject here, and is one of the reasons for interest in and ability to research, Byzantine history despite the loss much material available to historians of other medieval societies.

For much of Byzantine history a series of historical accounts, often covering about fifty years each, continued, one after another, each giving a detailed account of the history of the empire from the perspective of the governmental and ecclesiastical elites. There was an element of self-consciousness about this tradition, even though, unlike in China, it was not a government project - thus Michael Psellos acknowledges Leo the Deacon, and Anna Komnena picks up the torch from Psellos. As noted by Harry Turtledove in his translation of Theophanes Chronographia, these historical accounts self-consciously looked back to Thukydides and were written in a classicizing and sometimes clumsy Greek. Alongside such historical works were also a series of more popularly written chronicles, often arranged year by year and written in a less formal style. These chronicles often begin with creation and lifted content for most of their text from earlier chroniclers, or sometimes historians. The historiographic and chronographic traditions are parallel, with distinct audiences. Occasionally, as with Theophanes, the historiographical tradition faltered or has been lost and the chronographers are our main sources.

As can be seen below virtually the entire corpus has been edited and in many cases re-edited. Translations of all but a few texts are now available in English, French, German or Italian.

Here are four tables, arranged by lifetime of author, of the historiographical and chronographical traditions of Byzantine culture.

TABLE I Byzantine Historians
TABLE II Byzantine Chronographers
TABLE III The Greek Tradition
TABLE IV The Latin Tradition

CAVEAT: These tables, especially the last two, are not complete, nor definitive. Suggestions, etc. are welcome.

Table I: Byzantine Historians

Note: for reference to "FE" see "Farrar and Evans" in the short bibliography that follows.

Historian	Work	Period Covered
Eusebios of Caesarea 260-340 4C	Ekklesiastike historia / Ecclesiastical History ed I.A. Heikel, (Leipzig: 1902) ed. and English translation, Kirsopp Lake and J.E.I Oulton, Loeb Classical Library, 2 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans. An ecclesiastical history to the twentieth year of the reign of Constantine : being the 324th of the Christian era, trans. by C.F. Cruse. 4th ed., carefully rev., to which is prefixed The life of Eusebius by Valesius, trans by S. E. Parker, (London : S. Bagster, 1847) English trans. as The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine, by G.A. Williamson, (New York: Penguin, 1965) ed. and French trans. Histoire ecclesiastique / Eusebe de Cesaree ; texte grec, traduction et notes, by Gustave Bardy. rev. ed. (Paris : Cerf, 1984-) Series title: Sources chretiennes ; no 55	church history to 324
Eunapios of Sardis (346-414) 5C	[fragments] in C. Müller, Fragmenta Historicorum Greacorum IV, pp. 7-56; also cf. Excerpt de legationibus, ed. C. de Boor, (1903), 591-92 ed. R.C.Blockley, The fragmentary classicising historians of the later Roman Empire : Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus, and Malchus, (Liverpool, Great Britain : F. Cairns, c1981-1983), 2 Vols.. ed. and English trans., W.C. Wright, Philostratus and Eunapius: The Lives of the Sophists, Loeb Classical Library (London: 1922)	270-404
Olympidoros of Thebes 5C	[fragments] in C. Müller, Fragmenta Historicorum Greacorum IV, pp. 57-68 ed. R.C.Blockley, The fragmentary classicising historians of the later Roman Empire : Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus, and Malchus, (Liverpool, Great Britain : F. Cairns, c1981-1983), 2 Vols.. and for excerpts see C.D. Gordon, The Age of Attila: Fifth Century Byzantium and the Barbarians, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960) [Passages from Priskos, Malchos, Olympidoros and John of Antioch shaped into one narrative]	407-27
Zosimos 5C	Historia Nea /New History ed. L. Mendelssohn, (Leipzig: 1887) critical ed. and French trans., Francois Paschoud, Histoire nouvelle [par] Zosime. Texte etabli et traduit, (Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1971-1989), 3 vols. English trans as The History of Count Zosimus, Sometime Advocate and Chancellor of the Roman Empire, trans from Original Greek, (London: Printed for J. Davis, 1814) English trans. J. J. Buchanan and H. T. Davies (San Antonio TX: 1967). Superseded by English translation by Ronald D. Ridley,, Byzantina Australiensa 2, (Canberra: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies,1982) German trans. Neue Geschichte / Zosimos ; ubersetzt und eingeleitet von Otto Veh ; durchgesehen und erlautert by Stefan Rebenich, (Stuttgart : A. Hiersemann, 1990), Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur Bd. 31. FE 3838	Augustus-410, full from Diocletian
Sokrates Scholastikos c.379-440 5C	Ekklesiastike historia /Ecclesiastical History ed. Migne PG 67:28-842 The ecclesiastical history of Socrates, surnamed Scholasticus, or the Advocate : comprising a history of the church in seven books, from the accession of Constantine, A.D. 305, to the 38th year of Theodosius..., (London : Henry G. Bohn, 1853) reprinted several times	306-439
Sozomenos c.400-450 5C	Ekklesiastike historia / Ecclesiastical History ed. Migne PG 67:843-1630 ed. and French tr. Histoire ecclesiastique, Greek text of the edition by J. Bidez ; introduction by Bernard Grillet and Guy Sabbah ; translation by Andre-Jean Festugiere ; annotation by Guy Sabbah, (Paris : Editions du Cerf, 1983-) Sources chretiennes ; no 306- A history of the church in nine books, from A.D. 324 to A.D. 440, tran. Edward Walford, (London : Bagster, 1846)	324-440
Theodoret of Cyprus d.c. 547 6C	Ekklesiastike historia / Ecclesiastical History ed. L. Parmentier, (Leipzig: 1911) English trans. by B. Jackson as "The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues and Letters of Theodoret", in Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, III, (New York: 1893) English trans as A History of The Church, in Five Books from AD 322 to the Death of Theodore of Mopsuestia, AD 427, a new translation from the Original Greek Ecclesiastical Historians 5, (London: S. Bagster and Sons, 1843) FE 3607-08	325-428
Priskos 5C	[fragments] in C. Müller, Fragmenta Historicorum Greacorum IV, pp. 69-100 ed. R.C.Blockley, The fragmentary classicising historians of the later Roman Empire : Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus, and Malchus, (Liverpool, Great Britain : F. Cairns, c1981-1983), 2 Vols.. and for excerpts see C.D. Gordon, The Age of Attila: Fifth Century Byzantium and the Barbarians, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960) [Passages from Priskos, Malchos, Olympidoros and John of Antioch shaped into one narrative]	433-468
Prokopios d.565 6C	works include The Wars [written 551, addition to 553] The Buildings [written 554] The Secret History [written ?] edition, Opera Omnia 3 vols., ed. J. Haury, (Leipzig: 1905-13; rev. G. Wirth, 4 vols. Leipzig: Teubner series, 1962-64) English translation, Works 7 vols., ed. and trans. H.B. Dewing, (New York and London: Loeb Classical Library, 1914-35) English translation, History of the Wars, Secret History and Building, trans., ed. and abridged Averil Cameron, Great Histories Series, (New York: 1967) English translation, The Secret History, trans. G.A. Williamson, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966, 1981) The Secret History, trans. R. Atwater, (New York: 1927; repr. With intro by A.E.R. Boark, Ann Arbor, Mi.: 1961)	Justinian's reign to 552
Agathias of Myrina c.532-c580 6C	Historiarum Libri Quinque [intended to follow Prokopios] ed. R. Keysdell, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 2A (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1967) partial English trans, Averil Cameron, "Agathias on the Sassanians", Dumbarton Oaks Papers 23-24 (1969-70), 67-183 trans as The Histories, Joseph D. Frendo, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 2A (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1975)	552-559
Evagrius c. 536- c.595 6C	Ecclesiastical History ed J. Bidez and L. Parmentier, (London: 1898, reprinted Amsterdam: 1964) French trans: A-J. Festugière, in Byzantion 45:2 (1975) English trans: A history of the church in six books, from A.D.431 to A.D.594. A new translation from the Greek: with an account of the author and his writings, trans. Edward Wlaford, (London, S. Bagster and sons, 1846, reissued London: H.G. Bohn, 1854)	431-594
John of Epiphaneia 6-7C [a cousin of Evagrios]	[fragments] in C. Müller, Fragmenta Historicorum Greacorum IV, pp. 272-76	572-
Theophanes of Byzantium	[fragments] in C. Müller, Fragmenta Historicorum Greacorum IV, pp. 270-71 and in Photios, Bibliotheca, ed. R. Henry, Vol 2, (Paris: 1959), pp. 76-79
Menander Protector [the Guardsman] 6C	Historia [survives in fragments] [intended to follow Agathias of Myrina] ed. and English trans. The History of Menander the Guardsman, trans. R.C. Blockley, (Liverpool: Francis Cairns, 1985)	557/8-582
Theophylakt of Simokatta b.c. 580s - d. p. 641? 7C	History [intended to follow Menander] ed. C. de Boor, corr. P. Wirth, (Stuttgart: 1972) English trans. as The History of Theophylact of Simocatta: An English Translation with Introduction and Notes, trans. Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986) German trans. Geschichte / Theophylaktos Simokates ; ubersetzt und erlautert, by Peter Schreiner, (Stuttgart : A. Hiersemann, 1985), Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur Bd. 20 Rumanian trans. Teofilact simocata istorie bizantina : domnia imparatului mauricius (582-602), by H. Mihaescu, (Bucharest:: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste, 1985), Scriptores Byzantini ; v. 9.	582-602 [reign of Maurice]
Nikephoros, Pat CP 806-815 9C	Historia Syntomos [intended to follow Theophylakt] ed. C. de Boor, (Leipzig: 1880) ed. and English trans, as Short history / Nikephoros, Patriarch of Constantinople ; text, translation, and commentary, Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae ; v. 13. by Cyril Mango, (Washington, D.C : Dumbarton Oaks, 1990)	602-769
Joseph Genesios fl. 912-959 10C	Basileiai / Regum Libri Quattuor [written 945-59] ["Official" account of Michael III and Basil I] ed. C. Lachmon, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1828) ed. A. Lesmüller-Werner, and H. Thurn, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Vol. XIV, Series Berolinensis, (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1973) German trans. Byzanz am Vorabend neuer Grosse : Uberwindung des Bilderstreites und der innenpolitischen Schwache (813-886) : die vier Bucherder Kaisergeschichte des Ioseph Genesios ; ubersetzt, eingeleitet und erklart, by Anni Lesmuller-Werner, (Vienna: Fassbaender, 1989), Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol. 18.	2nd iconclast period and to 886
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos, Emperor 905-959. 10C	Historike diegesis tou viou kai ton praxeon Vasileiou tou aoidimou Vasileos. Book 5. German trans as. Vom Bauernhof auf den Kaiserthron : Leben des Kaisers Basileios I., des Begrunders der Makedonischen Dynastie / beschrieben von seinem Enkel, dem Kaiser Konstantinos VII. Porphyrogennetos ; ubersetzt, eingeleitet und erklart, by Leopold Breyer. (Graz: Styria, c1981) Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber ; Bd. 14.
John Kaminatos 10C	Eis ten alosin tes Thessalonikes / De Expugnatione Thessalonicae ed., Gertrude Böhlig, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Vol. IV, Series Berolinensis, (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1973) ed. and German tr. as Einnahme Thessalonikes durch die Araber im Jahre 904: ubers., eingeleitet und erklart, by Gertrud Böhlig. 1. (Graz : Verlag Styria, 1975)	Arab sack of 904
Anon	Vita Euthymii patriarchae CP ed and trans . Patricia Karlin-Hayter, Bibliotheque de Byzantion 3, (Brussels: Éditions de Byzantion, 1970) [Despite its title, this is an historical account of the reign of Leo VI]
Leo the Deacon 10C	Historia [modeled on Agathias] ed., C. B. Hase, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1828) German trans, Nikephoros Phokas "Der bleiche Tod der Sarazenen" und Johannes Tzimiskes : die Zeit von 959 bis 976 in der Darstellung des Leon Diakonos, by Franz Loretto, (Graz : Styria, c1961), Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 10 Russian trans. Istoriia / Lev Diakon, perevod M.M. Kopylenko ; stat'ia M.IA. Siuziumova ; kommentarii M.IA. Siuziumova, S.A. Ivanova ; otvetstvennyi redaktor G.G. Litavrin, (Moscow: Izd-vo "Nauka", 1988), Pamiatniki istoricheskoi mysli. English trans. by Alice Mary Talbot, in typescript	959-976
Michael Psellos 1018-c.1080s	Chronographia [only 1 12C ms survived] [intended to follow Leo the Deacon] ed. Konstantinos N. Sathas, Bibliotheca greaca medii aevi, vol 4, (Paris: 1874) The history of Psellus, edited with critical notes and indices by Constantine Sathas. 1st AMS ed. (New York : AMS Press, 1979), Reprint of the 1899 ed. of Chronographia, published by Methuen, London ed. J.B. Bury, (London: 1899) ed and French trans E. Renauld, 2 vols, (Paris: 1926-18) English trans. as Fourteen Byzantine Rulers, trans. E.R.A. Sewter, rev. ed., (New York: Penguin, 1966) ed. and Italian trans. Imperatori di Bisanzio : (cronografia): introduzione di Dario Del Corno ; testo critico a cura di Salvatore Impellizzeri ; commento di Ugo Criscuolo; traduzione di Silvia Ronchey. 1a ed., (Milan: Fondazione L.Valla : A. Mondadori, 1984) Russian trans. Khronografiia, perevod, stat'ia i primechaniia IA.N. Liubarskogo, (Moskva : "Nauka", 1978) . Historia syntomos, recensuit, Anglice vertit et commentario instruxit W.J. Aerts. Editio princeps, Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae ; Series Berolinensis, Vol 30., (Berlin; W. de Gruyter, 1990), edition with English translation	976-1078
Michael Attaliates 11C	Historia ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae 34, (Bonn: 1853) Partial French trans, chaps 1-32, by Henri Gregoire, Byzantion 28 (1958),. 325-362 Partial English trans. {Bonn pp 93-151), by George T. Dennis, typescript in Dumbarton Oaks Library	1034-1079
Anna Komnena 1083-c.1150	The Alexiad [only 2 mss survived] [intended to follow Michael Psellos] ed. and French trans., B. Lieb, 3 vols., (Paris: 1937-45: rep. 1967) English trans. E.A. Dawes, (London: 1928) English trans. E.R.A. Sewter, (New York: Penguin, 1969) Partial Italian trans. La precrociata di Roberto il Guiscardo; pagine dall'Alessiade,, by Salvatore Impellizzeri. (Bari: Dedalo, 1965) see also: Anonyme Metaphrase zu Anna Komnene, Alexias XI-XIII : ein Beitrag zur Erschliessung der byzantinischen Umgangssprache, by Herbert Hunger, (Vienna: Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenchaften, 1981) Wiener byzantinistische Studien ; Bd. 15.	1069-1118
Nicephoras Bryennios 11-12C [husband of Anna Komnena]	Materials for a History, ed. as Comentarii, Augustus Meinecke, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1836) ed. as Histoire with French trans. by Paul Gautier, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Vol. IX, (Brussels: 1975 French trans. by Henri Gregoire, Byzantion 23 (1953), 469-530, and Byzantion 25-27 (1955-57), 881-925	1057-1080
John Kinnamos b. after 1143 - d. after 1185, wrote c.1180-1182.	Epitome [Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus] [1 13C ms survives.] [intended to follow Anna Komnena] ed. as Historia, Augustus Meinecke, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1836) English trans. Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, Charles. M. Brand, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1976)	1118-1176
Eustathios of Thessalonica, dc. 1194 12C	The Capture of Thessalonica ed as La espugnazione di Tessalonica, by S. Kyriakades, with an Italian translation by V. Rotolo, (Palermo: 1961) English trans by John Melville-Jones, Byzantina Australiensia 8, (Canberra: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 1988) German translation Die Normannen in Thessalonike; die Eroberung von Thessalonike durch die Normannen, 1185 n. Chr., in der Augenzeugenschilderung des Bischofs Eustathios. Ubers., eingeleitet und erklart, by Herbert Hunger, (Graz, Verlag Styria, 1955) Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 3	1185
Niketas Choniates b. c. 1155-1215/16	Annals, ed. as Historia, Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1835) ed. Jan-Louis Van Dieten, (Nicetae Choniatae), Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Series Berolinensis, Vols. XI/1 and XI/2, (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1975). English translation, O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates, trans. Harry J. Magoulias, (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984) German trans. as -----Die Krone der Komnenen : die Regierungszeit der Kaiser Joannes und Manuel Komnenos (1118-1180) / aus dem Geschichtswerk des Niketas Choniates. Ubers., eingeleitet und erklart, by Franz Grabler. (Graz : Styria, 1958) Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 7. -----Abenteurer auf dem Kaiserthron : die Regierungszeit der Kaiser Alexios II., Andronikos und Isaak Angelos (1180-1195) aus dem Geschichtswerk des Niketas Choniates / ubers., eingeleitet und erklart, by Franz Grabler. (Graz : Verlag Styria, 1958) Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 8 -----Die Kreuzfahrer erobern Konstantinopel; die Regierungszeit der Kaiser Alexios Angelos, Isaak Angelos und Alexios Dukas, die Schicksale der Stadt nach der Einnahme sowie das "Buch von den Bildsaulen" (1195-1206) aus.., , by Franz Grabler. (Graz : Verlag Styria, 1958) Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 9	1118-1207
George Akropolites 1217-1282	Chonike Sungraphe critical ed. as Opera, by A. Heisenberg, (Leipzig: 1903) German trans. Die Chronik / Georgios Akropolites ; ubersetzt und erlautert, von Wilhelm Blum, (Stuttgart : A. Hiersemann, 1989), Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur ; Bd. 28. English trans by R.M. Magdalino in typescript [where?]	1203-1261
George Pachymeres 1242- c. 1310 14C	De Michaele et Andronico Paleologus [continues Akropolites] ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1835) ed. as Relationes historicas, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Series Berolinensis, Vol. XXII, ed. Albert Failler with French translation by Vitalien Laurent, (Paris: Less Belles Lettres, 1984)	1255-1308
Nikephoras Gregoras 1295-1359 14C	Romaike Historia [in 37 books] ed. as Historia Byzantina, Ludwig Schopen and Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, 3 vols. (Bonn: Weber, 1829-30) German trans. Rhomaische Geschichte = Historia Rhomaike [von] Nikephoros Gregoras. Ubers. und erlautert, by Jan Louis van Dieten, (Stuttgart, A. Hiersemann, 1973-<1994 >), Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur. Abteilung Byzantinistik Bd. 15, 24, 39. English trans of Plague description in Bartsocas, C.S., "Two 14th Century Greek Descriptions of the `Black Death'", Journal of the History of Medicine 21:4 (1966), pp. 395ff.	1204-1359
John Kantakuzenos 1292-1383 14C	Historiarum ed. Ludwig Schopen, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, 3.vols. (Bonn: Weber, 1828-32) ed. Opera / Johannis Cantacuzeni ; nunc primum editae curantibus, Edmond Voordeckers and Franz Tinnefeld. (Turnhout : Brepols ; Leuven : University Press, 1987-): Corpus Christianorum. Series Graeca ; 16 English partial trans. by R. Trone History I: 1-19 (Ph.D Dissertation, Catholic University of America, 1979) [==Bonn I, 1-98] English partial trans. by Timothy S. Miller as The History of John Cantacuzenus, Book IV, Text, Translation and Commentary (Ph.D Dissertation, Catholic University of America, 1975; Ann Arbor, Mi.: University Microfilms, 75-19,517) [==Bonn III, 8-107] English trans of Plague description in Bartsocas, C.S., "Two 14th Century Greek Descriptions of the `Black Death'", Journal of the History of Medicine 21:4 (1966), pp. 395ff German trans. Geschichte, Johannes Kantakuzenos ubersetzt und erlautert, by Georgios Fatouros und Tilman Krischer., (Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1982-<1986 >), Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur ; Bd. 17, etc.	1320-1357
Symeon, Abp. of Thessalonike 15C.	Politico-historical works of Symeon, Archbishop of Thessalonica, (1416/17 to 1429), critical Greek text with introd. and commentary / by David Balfour, (Vienna:: Verl. d. Osterr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1979), Wiener byzantinistische Studien ; Bd. 13.
Leontios Makhairos 15C	Recital Concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus ed. and trans. R. M. Dawkins, 2 vols. (Oxford: 1932)	esp. 1359-1432
John Kanonas 15C	Chronikon ed. with Sphrantzes by Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1838), pp. 457-78 German trans. Europa im XV. Jahrhundert von Byzantinern gesehen, (Graz: Styria 1954) Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 2. Contents: - Die Nordlandreise des Laskaris Kananos (alles eingeleitet und erklart von Franz Gabler)	Murad II's 1422 attack on Constantinople
John Anagostes 15C	ed. with Sphrantzes by Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1838), pp. 457-78	Capture of Thessalonica 1430
Laonikos Chalkokondyles 15C	Historiarum demonstrationes [written in 1480s] ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1843) ed. E. Darkó, 2 vols., (Budapest: 1922-27) German trans. in Europa im XV. Jahrhundert von Byzantinern gesehen, (Graz: Styria 1954) Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 2. Contents: Aus dem Geschichtswerk des Laonikos Chaikokondyles -- Die Nordlandreise des Laskaris Kananos -- Zwei Briefe des Manuel Chrysoloras, je ubers. (alles eingeleitet und erklart von Franz Gabler)	Adam to Ottom beginnings in 1299, then 1298-1463 in detail
Doukas 15C	Historia Turco-Byzantina [written in vernacular] ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1834) critical ed. Vasile Grecu, (Bucharest: 1958) English trans. as Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks, by Harry J. Magoulias, (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1975)	1341-1462
George Sphrantzes, b. 1401 15C	Chronicon Maius [attrib to Sphrantzes] ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1838) Partial German trans as, Die letzten Tage von Konstantinopel : der auf den Fall Konstantinopels 1453 bezugliche Teil des dem Georgios Sphrantzes zugeschriebenen "Chronicon Maius", ubers., eingeleitet und erklart, by Endre von Ivanka, (Graz : Verlag Styria, 1954, repr. 1965), Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 1. [Translation of part of the Melissenos version of the Chronikon.] Chronicon Minus ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1838) ed. J-P Migne, Patrologia greaca 156: 1025-80 (Bonn: 1834) critical ed. J. B. Papadopoulos, (Leipzig: Teubner, 1935) ed. and Italian trans. Cronaca, ed. Giorgio Sfranze ; a cura di Riccardo Maisano. Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae. Series Italica., Vol 29 (Roma : Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1990) English trans. as The Fall of the Byzantine Empire, by Marios Philippides, (Amherst MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980) [This edition includes a short except on the fall of Constantinople by Michael Melissenos. ]	1413-1477
Michael Kritovoulos (Critoboulus) 15C	Vios tou Moameth II / De rebus gestibus Mahumetis II ed. C. Müller in Fragmentum historicum greacorum, (Paris: 1883), V:52-164 critical ed. V. Grecu, (Bucharet: 1963) ed. Critobuli Imbriotae historiaem by Diether Roderich Reinsch, Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae ; v. 22. (Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1983) English trans as History of Mehmed the Conqueror, trans. Charles T. Rigg, (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1954) German trans. Mehmet II. Erobert Konstantinopel : die ersten Regierungsjahre des Sultans Mehmet Fatih, des Eroberers von Konstantinopel 1453 : das Geschichtswerk des Kritobulos von Imbros; ubersetzt, eingeleitet und erklart, by Diether Roderich, (Graz : Styria, c1986), Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber ; Bd. 17.	1451-1467
Sylvester Syropoulos 15C	Les "Memoires" du Grand Ecclesiarche de l'Eglise de Constantinople Sylvestre Syropoulos sur le concile de Florence (1438-39), ed. & trans. V. Laurent, Concilium Florentium: Documenta et Scriptores, Series B, 9, (Rome: 1971)	1438-39
Anon 16C	Ekthesis chronike synometera syntethesia en haploteti lexeon ed. Konstantinos N. Sathas, Bibliotheca greaca medii aevi, vol 7, (Paris: 1894) Text and English trans. as Emperors, Patriarchs and Sultans of Constantinople, by Marios Philippides, (Brookline MA: Hellenic College Press, 1990)	1391-1543
Anon 17C	Chronikon peri ton Tourkon soultanon. English trans. Byzantium, Europe, and the early Ottoman sultans, 1373-1513 : an anonymous Greek chronicle of the seventeenth century (Codex Barberinus Graecus 111), translated and annotated by Marios Philippides, (New Rochelle, N.Y. : A.D. Caratzas, c1990), Late Byzantine & Ottoman studies 4.	1373-1513

TABLE II: Byzantine Chroniclers

Author	Work	Period Covered
Eusebius of Caesarea written late 3C	Chronicle [First full scale Christian chronicle]	Adam - late 3rc century.
John Malalas [aka John the Rhetor, or John of Antioch?] b.c. 490- d.c. 570	Chronographia ed, L. Dindorf, Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1831) ed. John Thurn, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Vol. ?, Series Berolinensis, (Berlin: De Gruyter, ?) announced English trans. The Chronicle of John Malalas, trans. Elizabeth Jeffreys, Michael Jeffreys, Roger Scott, et al, Byzantine Australiensia 4, (Melbourne: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 1986) English trans from Church Slavonic version, Chronicle of John Malalas: Books 8-18, trans., M. Spinka in collaboration with Glanville Downey, (ChicagoL University of Chicago Press, 1940) and for excerpts see C.D. Gordon, The Age of Attila: Fifth Century Byzantium and the Barbarians, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960) [Passages from Priskos, Malchos, Olympidoros and John of Antioch shaped into one narrative]	Adam - 563
Anon 7C	Chronicon Paschale [intended to extend Malalas] ed. L. Dindorf, Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1832) Partial English trans. Chronicon Paschale 284-628 AD / translated with notes and introduction by Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby, (Liverpool : Liverpool University Press, c 1989), Translated texts for historians 7.	Adam - 628
John of Nikiou 7C	Chronicle [orginally written in Greek, survives in a mutilated Ethiopic translation of an Arab translation] English trans. by R.H. Charles, The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiou, Text and Translation Society, (London and Oxford: Williams and Norgate, 1916)	Adam - Arab Conquest of Egypt
George the Synkellos d.810/811	edition?
Theophanes the Confessor c752-c818 9C	Chronographia [intended to continue George the Synkellos] ed. C. de Boor, 2 vols., Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae, (Leipzig: 1883-85; repr. Hildesheim: 1963) English trans., The Chronicle of Theophanes : An English Translation of anni mundi 6095-6305 (A.D. 602-813), trans Harry Turtledove, (Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982). German trans of 717-813 AD as Bilderstreit und Arabersturm in Byzanz : das 8. Jahrhundert (717-813) aus der Weltchronik des Theophanes / ubers., eingeleitet und erklart, by Leopold Breyer, (Graz: Verlag Styria, 1964, c1957.), Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 6. English trans R. Scott and Cyril Mango, in typescript? - Signalled in Albu, "Annotated Guide". English trans of "Conversation Between Justinian and the Green Party in the Hippodorme" in J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodosius I, to the Death of Justinian (AD 395 to AD 565), (London: Macmillan, 1923), II, 71-74 Also trans in Alan Cameron, Circus Factions: Blues and Greens at Rome and Byzantium, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976), 318-333	284-813, essential for 602-813
(Pseudo-) Symeon magister date?	Annales ed. I. Bekker, Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae, (Berlin: 1838)
Theophanes Continuatus 10C	Chronographia [Book 5 written by Constantine VII Porphygenitos] ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae, (Berlin: 1838)	813-963
Nikephoros, Pat CP 806-815 9C	Chronographia ed.?	Adam - 829
George Monachos 9C	Chronicle [written 842-67] ed. C. de Boor, (Leipzig: 1905)	Adam to 842
Symeon the Logothete 10C	Chronicle survives in several versions known as: The Chronicle of Theodosios Melitenos [ed. T. Tafel, (Munich: 1859)]; George Monachos Continuatos; and the Chronicle of Leo Grammatikos, [ed., Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, (Bonn: 1842); also Migne PG: 108:1037-1164] English trans from Old Church Slavic text, Walter K. Hanak, The Chronicle of Symeon Logothetes, publication planned [Signalled by Albu, "Annotated Sources"]	Adam to 948 [some versions go to 11C]
John Skylitzes fl. 1081 11C	Synopsis Historiarum ed. Hans Thurn, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Vol. V, Series Berolinensis, (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1978) German trans. as Byzanz, wieder ein Weltreich : das Zeitalter der makedonischen Dynastie / nach dem Geschichtswerk des Johannes Skylitzes; ubersetzt, eingeleitet und erklart, by Hans Thurn. (Graz: Verlag Styria, c1983-), Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 15.	811 -1057
Skylitzes Continuatos	Ioannis Scylizes Continuatus ed. E.T. Tsolakes, (Thessalonica: 1968)	1057-1079
George Kedrenos 11C	Historiarum Compendium ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae 35-36, 2 vols, (Berlin: 1838-39)	-1057
John Zonaras 12C	Epitome historiarum ed. M. Pindar and M. Büttner-Wobst, 3 vols, Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae, (Berlin: 1841-97) ed. L. Dindorf, 6 vols., (Leipzig, 1868-75) Partial English trans, by Michael DiMaio, Jr. Zonaras' Account of the Neo-Flavian Emperors: A Commentary, (Ph.D diss., University of Missouri-Columbia, 1977; Diss Abs Accession No: AAG7814112) [DiMaio has more in typescript] Partial German trans. Militars und Hoflinge im Ringen um das Kaisertum : Byzantinische Geschichte 969 bis 1118 Nach der Chronik des Johannes Zonaras ; ubersetzt, eingeleitet und erklart, by Erich Trapp. (Graz : Verlag Styria, c1986), Byzantinische Geschichtsschreiber Vol 16.	Adam - 1118
Constantine Manassas 12C	Chronicle ed. as Breviarum historiae metricum, ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae, (Berlin: 1837)	Adam - 1081
Michael Glykas 12C	Annals ed. Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae, (Berlin: 1836)	Adam - 1118
Joel 13C	Chronicle edition?	Adam - 1204
Theodore Skutariotes 13C	Chronicle [often known as Synopis Sathas] ed. Konstantinos N. Sathas, Bibliotheca greaca medii aevi, vol 7, (Paris: 1894), 1-556	Adam - 1261
Anon 13C	Chronicle of Morea [exists in various languages] Greek version, ed., J.Schmitt, as The Chronicle of the Morea, (London: 1904) English trans. H.E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors: The Chronicle of Morea, (New York: Columbia UP, 1964)	First Crusade, then 1202-1292
Michael Panaretos 15C	Chronicle critical ed. O. Lampsides, (Athens: 1958)	3-15 C in Trebizond
Anon	Short Chronicles ed. as Brachea Chronika, by S.P. Lampros & K, Amantos (Athens: Akademia Athenon Mnemeia tes Ellenikes Istorias, A, 1932-1933) No. 27 (also in 1834 Bonn edition of Ducas, op. cit., ed. I Bekker, pp. 515-5270 ed. Peter Schreiner, as, Die byzantinischen Kleinchronikon, I Introduction and Text, II Historical Commentary, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae XII:1 & 2, (Vienna: 1975, 1977)
Anon 14C	Charanis, Peter, "An Important Short Chronicle of the Fourteenth Century", Byzantion 13 (1938), pp. 335-362
Anon 14-15C	Dennis, G.T., trans., "The Short Chronicle of Lesbos 1355-1428", Lesbiaca 5 (1966), pp. 123-144	1355-1428
Anon 15C	Loernertz, R-J, ed. and trans., "La Chronique breve mereote de 1423", Melanges Eugene Tisserunt II, Studi e Testi 232, (Vatican: 1964), pp. 399-439, text 403-409 [A collation of Brachea Chronika Nos. 19 & 27 with a previously unpublished text.]	1423
Ephraim Ainios date?	Ephraem Aenii Historia chronica, ed. Odysseus Lampsides, Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae ; Series Atheniensis, V. 27, (Athens: Academiae Atheniensis, 1990)
Anonymous date?	Cronaca dei Tocco di Cefalonia; prolegomeni, testo critico e traduzione, by Giuseppe Schiro, Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae ; v. 10. (Rome: Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1975)
Anonymous date?	Chronikon peri ktiseos Monembasias. Ed. and Ital. trans. Cronaca di Monemvasia ; introduzione, testo critico e note, by Ivan Duicev, (Palermo : Istituto siciliano di studi bizantini e neoellenici, 1976)

TABLE III: The Greek Tradition

Historian	Work [Usual English Form]	Subject
Homer 8C?	The Illiad [Not exactly a history but the an important contributor to the later Greek historiographical tradition]	Mythical Trojan war
Hekataeos of Miletos c 500 BCE	Periegesis or Guide [fragments survive] Histories or Geneaologies	guide to a map of the world
Herodotos c.490-c.425 BCE	The Histories [in 9 books] ed. W.W. How and J. Wells, (Oxford: 1912) ed. and English translation, A.D. Godley, Loeb Classical Library, 4 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) English translation	Mid-6th Cent - 478 BCE, with many historical digressions [e.g. Book 2 on history of Egypt]
Thukydides c.460-c.399 BCE	History of the Peloponnesian War [in 8 books] ed., (Oxford: 19) ed. and English translation, 4 Vols., C.F. Smith, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English translation	479-411 BCE Wars of Greek City States
Theopompos and Kratippos 4C BCE	continued Thukydides [now lost]
Xenophon c428-c.352 BCE	Anabasis or The Persian Expedition ed. and English translation, C.L. Brownson, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans, Rex Warner, (New York: Penguin, 1949, new ed. 1972) The Hellenica [continues Thukydides] ed. and English translation, C.L. Brownson, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans. as A History of My Times, by , (New York: Penguin, 19 )	401-399 BCE Greek mercenaries for Persia 411-362 BCE
Ephoros of Cyme b.c. 405	Universal History [in 30 books, all now lost, but used in books 11-16 of Diodoros Sikulos]]	1100-341 BCE history of cities of Greece and Asia Minor
Aristotle 384-322 BCE	The Athenian Constitution [part of a collected study of the constitutions of 158 Greek cities by A's students. Only this survives, recovered from an Egyptian papyrus in 1890] ed. and English translation, H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans.
Hieronymous of Cardia 3rd Cent BCE	History [Lost, but used by Diodoros Sikulos, Arrian, and Plutarch]	323-272 (poss 263) BCE After death of Alexander
Manetho of Heiropolis 3rc Cent BCE	History of Egypt [survives in fragments] ed. and English translation, W.G. Wadell, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 )	Egyptian origins to 323 BCE
Polybios c.200-c.118 BCE	Universal History [in 40 books, 5 survive complete plus substantial parts of others.] ed. and English translation, W.R. Paton, Loeb Classical Library, 6 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) Partial English trans, Ian Scott-Kilvert, (New York: Penguin, 1979)	220-146 BCE, but esp after 200 Rise of Roman Empire
Appian c. 160 CE	Roman History [24 books, 9 survive] ed. and English translation, Horace White, Loeb Classical Library, 4 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) German trans. Romische Geschichte / Appian von Alexandria ; ubersetzt von Otto Veh ; durchgesehen, eingeleitet und erlautert von Kai Brodersen, (Stuttgart : A. Hiersemann, 1987-1989), Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur Bd. 23, 27.	earliest times to Vespasian, most valuable for 146-70BCE
Diodoros Sikulos 1st Cent BCE	Biblitheke historia or World History [written bet 60 and 30 BCE] [Survives in part - a complet copy perished during capture of CP in 1453] ed. ed. and English translation, C.H. Oldfather, C.L. Sherman, C.B. Welles, Russel M. Geer, F.R. Walton, Loeb Classical Library, 12 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) German trans. Griechische Weltgeschichte : Buch I-X / Diodoros ; ubersetzt von Gerhard Wirth (Buch I-III) und Otto Veh (Buch IV-X); eingeleitet und kommentiert von Thomas Nothers, 2 vols. (Stuttgart : A. Hiersemann, 1992-1993). Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur Bd. 34-35.	earliest times to 54BCE
Dionysios of Halikarnassos 1st Cent BCE	Romaike Archiologia or Roman Antiquities [Books 1-9, and parts of 11 and 12 survive. It went up to where Polybios began] ed. and English translation, trans Spelman, rev. E. Cary, Loeb Classical Library, 7 Vols, (London and New York: 19 )	Mythical times to 264 BCE , although only survives to 441 BCE
Josephus Flavius 37-d.p.93 CE	The Jewish War [originally in Aramaic] Antiquities of the Jews ed. of Works with English translation, S. St.-J. Thackery, Ralph Marcus, Allen Wikgren, and L.H. Feldman, Loeb Classical Library, 9 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans. The Jewish War, by G.A. Williamson, rev.ed., (New York: Penguin, 1970)	c.170BCE-66CE Adam to 66 CE
Plutarch 46-120 CE	Parallel Lives [23 pairs of lives, and 4 single lives] ed. ed. and English translation, B. Perrin, Loeb Classical Library, 11 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans, John Dryden, in multiple editions.	Figures from Greek and Roman history
Arrian b. 85/80 CE	Anabasis or Campaigns of Alexander the Great [in 7 books with a 8th descriving India] ed. and English translation, P. Brunt and E. Iliffe Robson, Loeb Classical Library, 2 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) [based on a bad text - see comments in Penguin edition.] English trans, Aubrey de Sélincourt, rev. J.R. Hamilton, (New York: Penguin, 1971) Events After Alexander [in 10 books, only first 2 years survive.] Parthian History [in 17 books, fragments survive] History of Bithynia [fragments survive]	334-323 BCE 323- BCE Trajan's campaigns earliest times to 74 BCE
Dio Cassius [or Cassius Dio] 163/164-d.p.229CE	Roman History critical ed. U.P. Boissevin, 5 vols, (Berlin: 1895-1931) ed. and English translation, E. Cary, Loeb Classical Library, 9 Vols, (London and New York: 1914-1927) Partial English trans [books 50-56, 32BC-14CE], Ian Scott-Kilvert, (New York: Penguin, 1987)	727BCE-3rd Cent CE Portions 64BCE-46CE survive Foundation of Rome to 3rd century CE
Herodion of Syria fl. c. 230CE	History of the Empire From the Time of Marcus [in 8 books] ed. and English translation, C.R. Whittaker, Loeb Classical Library, 2 Vols, (London and New York: 1914-1927)	180-238 CE Death of Marcus Aurelius to accession of Gordian III

TABLE IV: The Latin Tradition

Historian	Work	Subject
Fabius Pictor 2nd Cent BCE	[wrote in Greek, survives in fragments]	Foundation to 2nd Cent BCE
Cato wrote btw 168 and 149 BCE	Origines [fragments]
Cassius Hemina	Annals
Calpurnius Piso	Annals
Sallust 86-c.35 BCE	The Jurgathine War Conspiracy of Catiline ed. and English translation, J.C. Rolfe, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans. (New York: Penguin, 19)	63 BCE
Cicero	Opera
Livy 59-BC-17CE	History of Rome [142 books, of which 35 survive] ed. and English translation, B.O> Foster, F.G. Moore, Evan T. Sage, A.C. Schelsinger and R.M. Geer, Loeb Classical Library, 14 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) English translation - various long sections in Penguin volumes trans, Aubrey de Sélincourt	Foundation of Rome to 9BCE
Julius Caesar c.100-44BCE	Gallic Wars or The Conquest of Gaul [8 books, only first 7 by Caesar, 8th by Aulus Hirtius] ed. and English translation, H.J. Edwards, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans. S. A. Hanford, rev. Jame Gardner, (New York: Penguin, 1982) The Civil War ed. and English translation, A.G. Peskett, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans. (New York: Penguin, 19 )	58-52 BCE
Quintus Curtius Rufus 1st Cent CE	History of Alexander the Great [in ten books, first 2 are lost] English trans, (Baltimore: Penguin, 19 )	334-323 BCE
Tacitus c 55-c.117 CE	Annals English trans. Michael Grant, (Baltimore: Penguin, 1956) The Histories ed. Histories and Annals with English translation, C.H. Moore and J. Jackson, Loeb Classical Library, 4 Vols, (London and New York: 19 ) The Germania ed. and English translation, M. Hutton, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English translation	14-68 CE 68-96 CE
Suetonius c.69-c.140 CE	Lives, or The Twelve Caesars ed. and English translation, J.C. Rolfe, Loeb Classical Library, (London and New York: 19 ) English trans. Robert Graves, (Baltimore: Penguin, 1957)	100BCE-96 CE Julius Caesar to Domitian
Eutropius 4C.	Breviarum ab urbe condita. English trans: The breviarum ab urbe condita of Eutropius : the right honourable secretary of state for general petitions : dedicated to Lord Valens, Gothicus Maximus & perpetual emperor, translated with an introduction and commentary by H.W. Bird., (Liverpool : Liverpool University Press, 1993)
Ammianus Marcellinus b.c 330 CE Greek, but writes in Latin	Res Gestae [intended as a continuation of Tacitus -only books 14-31 survive in a single 9th centuty copy] English trans. as The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, During the Reigns of Emperor's Constantius, Julian, Jovianus, Valentinianm and Valens, trans C.D. Young, Bohn's Classical Library, (London H.G. Bohn: 1862, repr. 1887, 1894) ed. and English translation, J.C. Rolfe, Loeb Classical Library, 3 Vols, (London and New York: 1935-39) Partial English trans, Walter Hamilton, (New York: Penguin, 1986)	353-378 CE
Anon 4C	Augustan History English trans. The lives of the Roman emperors from Domitian where Suetonius ends, to Constantine the Great : containing those of Nerva and Trajan from dion Cassius: a translation of the six writers of the Augustean history,... John Bernard, (London : Printed for Charles Harper, 1698) Partial English trans. as Lives of the Later Caesars, by Anthony Birley, (Baltimore: Penguin, 1976) [also includes lives of Nerva and Trajan, 96-117CE]	117-260 CE
Marcellinus, comes, fl. 500-534. 6C	Latin and English. The Chronicle of Marcellinus : a translation and commentary : (with a reproduction of Mommsen's edition of the text), Brian Croke, (Sydney: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 1995), Byzantina Australiensia 7.

Useful Bibliographical Resources

Albu, Emily, "An Annotated Bibliography of Byzantine Sources in English Translation", Byzantine Stuides/Etudes Byzantines 9:1 (1982), 68-87

Bak, Janos M., Medieval Narrative Sources: A chronological guide, (New York: Garland, 1987).

Farrar, Clarissa P. and Austin P. Evans, Bibliography of English Translations from Medieval Sources, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1946)

Ferguson, Mary Ann Heyward, Bibliography of English Translations from Medieval Sources, 1943-1967, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967).

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