Internet Indian History Sourcebook
Editor: Paul Halsall
This page is a subset of texts derived from the three major online Sourcebooks listed below, along with added texts and web site indicators. For more contextual
information, for instance about Western imperialism, the Islamic world, or the history of
a given period, check out these web sites.
Notes: |
In addition to direct links to documents, links are made to a
number of other web resources. |
2ND
|
Link to a secondary article, review or discussion on a given
topic. |
WEB
|
Link to a website focused on a specific issue.. These are not
links to every site on a given topic, but to sites of serious educational value. |
Contents
Indus Valley Cultures
General
Indus Valley
-
Image: Harrapan
Seals [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- WEB Harrapa [Website]
The Indus valley culture which had some interaction with Mesopotamia.
-
WEB Harrapa Images [from the Indus Valley][At Then Again]
-
WEB Early India:
Harappan (3000 - 1500 BC/BCE)/ Aryan (1500 - 600 BC/BCE)
Links and guide to art objects of the period. [At Internet Archive]
-
2ND S. Kalyanaraman: Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization (c. 3000
B.C.) [At U Texas]
The Vedic Age
General
Aryans
There is now some significant opposition among some writers to the idea that there was
ever an Aryan [i.e. Indo-European] movement into India. This opposition seems to derive,
at least in part, from nationalist desires to claim "we were always here". The
linguistic arguments for some common group which moved into both India, Iran, and Europe
remain compelling.
- The Laws of Manu, c. 1500 BCE, full text, [At this
Site]
-
The Laws of Manu,
c. 1500 BCE, excerpts, [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- 2ND Languages and Vedas [At Friesian.com]
Odd page, with odder organization, but useful maps and data on numbers of language
speakers and migrations. Also contains info on the Vedas and Upanishads.
-
2ND David Frawley: Myth of Aryan Invasion of
India [At India Forum], a complete book, and
Myth of
Aryan Invasion of India [At Hindunet] an article-length discussion.
Frawley attacks 19th-century scholars such as Max Muller for bias, but seems unaware of
his own problematic position. His argumentative strategies reek of special pleading.
-
2ND Siddhartha Jaiswal: Arayan Invasion
Theory: Revising History to Change the Future [At Internet Archive, from Stanford]
A freshman college paper explaining why the theory is wrong. The full title and the
text are worth considering, though. The author objected to the theory because it
"undermined my belief in my culture". This sort of solipsistic
"history" seems to motivate much of the discussion about the "Arayan
Invasion".
- 2ND Richard Hooker: The Arayans [At WSU]
A much more reliable account that the nationalist arguments above.
The Vedas
- Rig
Veda: Hymn, excerpts, [At WSU]
-
Rig Veda: Selection [At
Mountain Man]
-
The Purusha Sukta, The
Vedic Hymn on the Supreme Being [At Ramanuja]
- Varuna,
the All-Knowing God ('Rig Veda,' I, 25, 1-3, 7-14) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- King
Varuna is there ('Atharva Veda,' IV, 16, 1-6) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Varuna
and Indra (Rigveda) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- 'What
god shall we adore with our oblation?' (Rigveda) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- 'Indra-
who as soon as born surpassed the gods in power' ('Rig Veda,' II, 12, 1-5 13) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- A
Vedic Hymn to the Goddess Earth ('Atharva-Veda,' XII, I, selections) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- 'Loose
me from Sin' :A Hymn to Varuna ('Rig Veda,' II, 28) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- 'How
May I and Varuna be United?' ('Rig Veda,' VII, 86) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- 'Make
Me Immortal' :A Hymn to Soma Pavamâna ('Rig Veda,' IX, 113, 7-11) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Hymns
to Agni ('Rig Veda,' I, 11, III, VII, selections) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- A
Vedic Funerary Hymn ('Rig Veda,' X, I 8) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
The Formation
of Religious Traditions
General
The Hindu Tradition
- Indian
Cosmogony ('The Laws of Manu,' 1, 5-16) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- The
Creation of the World According to the Upanishads [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- How
to Become a Gadharva ('Shatapatha Brahmana,' XI, 5,) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Diksha,
an Indian Initiatory Ritual: Hinduism [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- The
Moment of Death as Described by the Upanishads [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
-
WEB Hindu Image Gallery [Website]
Delightful. Mostly modern printed images.
-
WEBIntroduction to Hinduism [At Internet Archive, from Geocities]
A hyperlinked historical overview.
- Ramayana c. 1000 BCE
The older of the two Sanskrit poems, the Ramayana is a 50,000 line poem written by Sage
Valmiki.
- Mahabharata
The most famous Indian text, this epic poem is divided into 18 sections and
contains over 220,000 lines. The most famous section is the Bhagavad Gita.
- The Bhagavad-Gita, complete
text translated by Kashinath Trimbak Telano, 1882, edited and updated by Richard
Hooker [At WSU]
Now the most readable version on the net.
- The Bhagavad-Gita, c. 400 BCE, full text,
translated by Sir Edwin Arnold [in HTML, here]
- The Bhagavad-Gita, c. 400
BCE, full text, translated by Ramanand Prasad [in HTML, At EAWC]
-
The Bhagavad-Gita, Full text, in Sanskrit
[At Icon of India]
- The Bhagavad-gita As It Is [At
Krsna.com]
The full text of the version by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in which
transliterated Sanskrit is followed by a definition of each word, a translation and a
commentary.
-
The Bhagavad-Gita:
Recension by William Quan Judge, Combined With His Essays on the Gita, trans. by William
Quan Judge [At TUP]
- The Bhagavad-Gita, selections
[At AOL]
-
Krishna's
Dilemma, [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
-
The Mahabarata,
excerpts on Kingship [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- The Upanishads, c. 600 BCE
Vasnaivism
- Vishnu,
the Cosmic God ('Vishnu Pura-na,' 3, 17,14-34) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Krishna's
Ephipany (Bhagavad-Gita, XI, Selections) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Perform
action, free from attainment to its fruits... ('Bhagavad Gita,' III, 8-9, 19-24, 31,
35) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Personal
Worship: Puja Hinduism [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- The
Merits of Building a Temple (Agni-purana,' XXXVIII, 1-50) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Vidyapati (1352?-1448): Love
Songs to Krishna [At WSU]
-
WEB Sri Vaishnava Home Page
Shaivism
- 2ND Stephen F. Teiser, "The Spirits of Chinese
Religion", from Donald S. Lopez, Jr , Religions of China in Practice,
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996) [At Brooklyn College]
- Images
Devotional Texts
Tantrism
-
WEB The Tantrik Homepage
Includes links to other Tantric sites, as well as English translation of texts.
The Jain Tradition
Buddhism
- General
- The Buddha
- Prince
Siddhartha Encounters Old Age, Sickness and Death ('Digha-nikaya,' XIV ['Mahapadana
suttanta']) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Gotama's
First Masters [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- 'I am
the Holy One in this world, I am the highest teacher. . .' ('Mahavagga,' I, 7-9) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Gotama
Buddha Ponders ('Majjhima-.nikaya,' XXVI ['Ariya-pariyesana-sutta']) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Gotama
Buddha Remembers His Earlier Existences ('Majjhima-nikaya,' IV ['Bhaya-bherava-sutta])
[At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Buddha: First
Sermon (c. 6th Century BCE) [At Brooklyn College]
- Buddha: The
Teaching of Buddha, an early sermon on Nirvana [At Brooklyn College]
-
Buddha: The
Four Noble Truths [At Buddhanet]
-
Buddha: The
Basic Teachings [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- The
Buddha Enters Nirvana (Ashvagosha, 'Buddhacarita,' XXVI, 83-6, 88-106) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- The
Tathagata Announces that He has Entered Nirvana ('Saddharmapundarika,' XV, 268-72) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- The Buddha: Sources on His Life and Death
- The Story Of Sumedha, Translated from the Introduction to the Jataka (i.3).
- The Birth Of the Buddha, Translated from the Introduction to the Jataka (i.4721)
- The Attainment Of Buddhaship, Translated from the Introduction to the Jataka (i.685)
- First Events After the Attainment, Translated from the Maha-Vagga, and
constituting the opening sections. Hail to that Blessed One, that Saint, and Supreme
Buddha!
- The Buddha's Daily Habits, Translated from the Sumangala-Vilasini (i.4510),
Buddhaghosa's Commentary on the Digha-Nikaya
- The Death Of the Buddha, Translated from the Maha-Parinibbana-Sutta (v. and
vi.) of the Digha-Nikaya
- Buddhism in India
- Sources on the Buddhist Order
- Admission and Ordination Ceremonies, Reprinted from a paper by J.F.
Dickson, B.A., in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1874
- Mendicant Ideal, Translated from the Samyutta-Nikaya (xvi. 31)
- And Hate Not His Father And Mother, Translated from the Visuddhi-Magga (chap. iii.)
- Story Of Visakha, Part I, Translated from the Dhammapada, and from
Buddhaghosa's comment
-
The Vinaya [Buddhist
Monastic Code], full text [At Sacred Texts]
- Faxian: Account
of the Buddhistic Kingdoms. [At Brooklyn College]
- Theravada/Hinayana Texts
- The Dhammpada [At Brooklyn College]
- The Dhammapada extracts, [At
WSU]
- The
Dhammapada, trans. by John Richards [At Coombs-papers]
"An anthology of 423 Buddhist verses embodying ethical and spiritual precepts
arranged by subject."
- The Dhammapada,Wisdom
of the Buddha, translated by Harischandra Kaviratna, Full Text [At Theosophical
University Press]
-
The Dhammapada,
trans John Richards [At Evansville]
This is a collection of 423 insightful verses from various Buddhist texts, arranged by
category.
- The
Buddha Foretells the Gradual Decline of Religion ('Anagatavamsa') [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Gotama
Buddha Talks of his Ascetic Practices ('Majjhima-nikaya,'XII
['Maha-sihanada-sutra']) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Gotama
Buddha Practiced the most Severe form of Ascetism ('Majjhima-nikaya,' XXXVI
['Maha-saccaka-sutra']) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
-
Sutta Nipata, selections
from the Pali text translated by John D. Ireland. [At Purify Mind]
-
Sammaditthi Sutta,
translated from the Pali by
Bhikkhu Nanamoli [At MIT]
-
Mahamangala Sutta [At
Buddha Community]
Side by side with the original Pali text. Known in English as the Discourse of the
Supreme Blessings.
-
The Four Foundations of
Mindfulness [At BuddhaNet]
Part of the Satipatthana-a.
-
Discourse on the Mindfulness of
Breathing [At Dharma]
Selections from the Anapanasati Sutra.
-
Culasunnata Sutta [At
Well.com]
A lesson on sunyata.
- Metta Sutta [At
Dharma.net]
Sub-titled "The Buddha's Words on Kindness"
-
WEB The Pali Canon, many full texts in Pali, many also
in English [At Metta.lk]
- Mahayana Texts
- Buddha's Sermon
on the No-Self [At Brooklyn College]
- The Heart Sutra [At Brooklyn College]
- The
Heart Sutra: Various Versions [At Coombs-papers]
- Mahamangala
Sutra (Discourse of the Supreme Blessings) [At Coombs-papers]
- The
Bodhisattva's Infinite Compassion ('Shikshasamuccaya,' 280-2 ['Vajradhvaha-sutra'])
[At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Acts
and Rewards of Devotion to the Buddha ('Shikshasamuccaya,' 299-301 ['Avalokana-sutra']
[At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- The
Buddhist Conception of the Intermediate State ('Saddharma-smrityupasthana Sutra,' from
chapter XXXIV, via Chinese version) [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Tibetan
Book of the Dead: Death and Intermediate States [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- The
Prophecy Concerning Maitreya, the Future Buddha ('Maitreyavyakarana') [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- Milerepa
Extols His 'Five Comforts' [At Eliade Page, now Internet Archive]
- The Sutra of Forty-Two
Chapters [At the Refuge Library]
The first Buddhist text taken to China, c. 67 CE.
- WEB Kalavinka
Contains very long excerpts from Nagarjuna's Treatise on The Great Perfection of
Wisdom (Mahaapraj~naapaaramitaa Upadesha), "an immense
exegesis to the Mahaapraj~naapaaramitaa Sutra in 25,000
lines. Classically, it is preserved only in a 100-fascicle Chinese edition translated from
Sanskrit in 405c.e. by Kumarajiva, the brilliant and prolific translator-monk who was the
premier transmitter to the Chinese of the Maadhyamika teachings of Nagarjuna."
- Chinese/Japanese Buddhist Texts
- Modern Renditions
- Images
- General Buddhist
- Indian Art
- Tibetan
- Chinese Art
- South East Asian Art
- Japanese Art
- Unsure [!]
Medieval India
General
The Mauryan Empire (321-185 BCE)
- Image: Maurayan Empire Map c. 250 BCE [At WSU]
- Kautilya: The Arthashastra, c. 250 BCE [At this Site]
Extensive selections
- Kautilya: The Arthashastra - On Gender Issues, c. 250 BCE
[At this Site]
- Kautilya: The
Arthashastra (3rd Cent. BCE) [At WSU]
A treatise on government by the "prime minister" of India's first great emperor,
Chandragupta Maurya.
-
Kautilya: The
Arthashastra (3rd Cent. BCE) [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
Another selection.
Ashoka (c. 265-238 BCE; also given as c. 273-232 BCE)
Gupta Empire (320-550 CE)
Culture
- Tales From Ancient India [At this Site]
- Kalidasa (4th-5th C. CE?): The
Recognition of Sakuntala [At WSU]
A text from the "greatest of all ancient Indian playwrights".
- Kalidasa (4th-5th C. CE?): Sakuntala Translated by
Arthur W. Ryder (1914), full text. [At Sacred Texts]
- Kalidasa (4th-5th C. CE?): Meghaduta or Clould Messenger [At Sacred Texts]
Translated by Arthur W. Ryder (1914)
- Kama Sutra, translated
by Sir Richard Burton, [At Sacred Texts]
Greek and Chinese
Sources
General
Greek Sources
Chinese Sources
Muslim Era India
General
The Delhi Sultanate 1206-1526
Mughal India 1526-1761
Culture
The Marathas
- WEB Shivaji on the Web [At Tripod]
"Shivaji created a Nation. It was he who released forces that changed the political
map of India in the eighteenth century. Within 50 years of the death of Aurangzeb, the
Marathas had overrun the entire sub-continent of India and taken possession of a greater
half of the country. It was only in 1803 that the sovereignity of India had passed to the
British."
Sikhism
The Sikhs are an Indian people, defined by their religion, who emerged in India during
the centuries of Muslim political power (which accounts for the placement of these texts
in the Sourcebook).
The Western Intrusion
General
European Imperialism
- St. Francis Xavier: Letter
from India, to the Society of Jesus at Rome, 1543
- England, India, and The East Indies, 1617 [At this
Site]
Various sources including a letter from Great Moghul Jahangir to James I, King of
England.
-
Thomas Mun (1571-1641): England's Treasure
by Foreign Trade, pub 1664, extracts, [At Then Again] and extracts [At Hanover]
- Adam Smith: From The Wealth of Nations, 1776: Of Colonies, and The Cost of
Empire [At The American Revolution Site]
-
Trade Products in Early Modern History [At UMN]
-
The South Sea Bubble [Modern Report][At History House]
- Analyses
British India
- Conquest
- Government
- Clash of Cultures
-
Duarte Barbosa: Sati
in Narsyngua.[At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
-
An Account of Sati
from Vikrama's Adventures [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- Raja Rammohan Roy: A
Second Conference Between an Advocate for, and An Opponent of the Practice of Burning
Widows Alive, 1820 [At WSU]
- Sir William Bentinck: On
Ritual Murder in India , 1829, excerpts
- Mountstuart Elphinstone: Indian Customs and Manners,
1840
Includes graphic account of suttee.
- Sir Monier Monier-Williams: Camp Life in India, 1850 [At
this Site]
- Dadabhai Naoroji: The
Benefits of British Rule, 1871 [At this Site]
- Charles Creighton Hazewell: British India, The
Atlantic Monthly, November 1857, [At The Atlantic]
- Field Marshal Lord Roberts: When Queen Victoria
Became Empress of India, 1877 [At this Site]
- Rev. Arthur Male: The
Hill of Bones, Afghanistan 1878 [At this Site]
- The Mutiny
- Indian Cultures
Indian Nationalism
General
The Indian National Congress
Gandhi
- Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948): Indian
Home Rule, 1909 [At WSU]
-
Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948): I Shall Be Arrested,
1930, letter written to Nehru.[At Internet Archive, from Letters Magazine]
-
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964): To His Jailers, 1932
[At Internet Archive, from Letters Magazine]
? letter written by Nehru while in jail for civil disobedience against the British
government.
- Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964): Marxism, Capitalism and
Non-Alignment, 1941, 1956, excerpts [At this Site]
- 2ND Mark Shepard: Mahatma Gandhi and His Myths,
the 1990 Annual Gandhi Lecture for the International Association of Gandhian Studies,
delivered at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville on October 2 [At Mark Shepard's
Nonviolence Page]
-
2ND Mark Shepard: Gandhi Today: A Report on Mahatma
Gandhi's Successors [At Mark Shepard's Nonviolence Page]
- 2ND Narayan Desai: Gandhi Through a Child's Eyes [At Mark Shepard's Nonviolence Page]
-
MEGA YAHOO!:
Gandhi
The Muslim League
-
WEB Jinnah [At Internet Archive, from Texas]
Mostly pictures.
Independence
- Winston Churchill: Announcement
to the House Of Commons of Sir Stafford Cripps' Mission to India, March 11, 1942. [At
PHA]
- Statement And Draft
Declaration by His Majesty's Government With Correspondence And Resolutions Connected
Therewith (Sir Stafford Cripps' Mission to India), Draft Declaration For Discussion With
Indian Leaders Published 30th March, 1942 [At PHA]
- Government of India: Text
of the Original "Quit India" Resolution Drafted by Gandhi and rejected by
the All-India Congress Working Committee in favor of the modified version submitted by
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the Gandhi Draft was Presented to the Committee on April 27, 1942
[At PHA]
- Sir Stafford Cripps: Review
of Negotiations With the All-India Congress, July 26, 1942 [At PHA]
- Sir Stafford Cripps: Statement
on India, London, August 5, 1942
- Mohandas K. Gandhi: Speech
to the All-India Congress, Bombay, August 7, 1942 (Excerpts) [At PHA]
- Leopold S. Amery, British Secretary of State For India: Broadcast, London,
August 9, 1942 [At PHA]
- Orders to American
Military Forces in India, August 12, 1942 [At PHA]
- Winston Churchill: Report
to the House of Commons on The Policy of The British Government in India, September
10, 1942 [At PHA]
- Mohandas K. Gandhi: Latest
Message to America, October 31, 1942 [At PHA]
-
WEB Robert K. Olson: Ambassador Henry Grady and
Indian Independence [At UNC]
- British Government Statement: Policy in India,
1946 [At this Site]
- British Government Statement: Policy in Burma,
May 1945 [At this Site]
- Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964): Speech On the Granting of Indian
Independence, August 14, 1947 [At this Site]
India Since Independence
General
International Issues
India
The Nehru-Gandhi Dynasty
Regionalism
Pakistan Since
Independence
General
Pakistan
Bangladesh
General
The 1971 Conflict
Burma
General
Indian Genders and
Sexualities
Women
Homosexuality: General
It has proved to be extraordinarily difficult to find much information about South
Asian homosexuality.
Hindu
-
Ramakrishnan: "Bisexuality:
identities, behaviors, and politics", Trikone April 1996 [At Internet Archive, from U Texas]
- Vatsyayana: Kama
Sutra, Part 2. Chap 9, 1883 trans. by Richard Burton. [At Bibliomania.com]
On "Mouth Congress" and "different types of eunuchs".
- The Vinaya [Buddhist Monastic Precepts]
-
WEB Shri Krishna as Kali and Lalita [At
Shivashakti]
Although the sexual relationships of Indian gods often follow heterosexual expectations,
the individual God/dess may change form and be incarnate as another. This story could be
read as gay, lesbian, or multiply transgendered.
-
WEB Tantrik Links [At Shivashakti]
Tantricism was the "short path" to Enlightenment in Hinduism and Buddhism.
Sexual ecstasy was a particularly important feature, often represented by heterosexual
"yab-yum" figures.
Muslim
-
2ND Richard Burton: Terminal Essay, from his
edition of the Arabian Nights.
Burton' compilation of data on variety of societies was meant to explain some of the
stories in The Nights. In doing so, he provided first overview of Islamic
homosexuality.
Further Resources on
Indian History
As in a number of other historical areas, a real problem with much of the online
material on South Asian history is that it is presented with manifest nationalist (or
other ideological bias). In reviewing many sites for this page, there seem to be a
phenomenon of science and engineering graduate students setting up web sites on Indian or
Islamic history/culture with virtually no regard for authenticity or historical method.
[Imagine if history graduate students began setting up websites on chemical engineering
based on their "feelings".] I have tried to indicate which sites are, in my
opinion, reliable and which are not.
- E-Texts
- Web Guides
- Academic History/Culture Sites
-
WEB Itihaas: The History of India
A major site. Very well done online history, with timelines, etc. Contains data available
nowhere else on the net (e.g. dates of British governors.) Takes a moderate
nationalist line (e.g. takes care to point out Muslim destruction of Hindu sites, but does
not try to cast Akbar as a villain.)
- WEB Manas: India and Its Neighbors [At UCLA]
The history, politics, culture, and art of India/Indian sub-continent. One of the best
sites.
-
WEB My India [At Internet Archive]
Middlebrow introduction.
-
WEB Culture and Heritage of India [At
Goverment of India]
Includes pages about India's history.
- WEB Mircea Eliade: From
Primitives to Zen [at enteract.com]
Complete texts of Eliade's religion anthology online.
- WEB Lonely Planet: Destination India
-
WEB Rough Guide: India
Includes a Brief History
of India
-
WEB The Atlantic Magazine: Indian Passages
Articles from the Atlantic Monthly on India 1857-today. Subscription required.
- WEB India Documents [At Mt Holyoke]
- Nationalist History/Culture Sites
- WEB Hindunet: Indian History with its Library of Hindu History and The Hindu Universe
While these linked sites have much of interest, they are not reliable in
terms of history, although may be useful in explaining and exploring modern Hindu belief
and practice.. Since they come up repeatedly on search engines, there is an effort here to
explain what is wrong.
The main problem is that they promote a nationalist view of Indian history and,
frankly, nationalists of any sort have proved repeatedly that they are unable to write a
history of their own land. The specific problems with this site are as follows:
- It denies the theory of an Arayan invasion [which may indeed be suspect], but allows no
countervailing voice. Scholarship will allow more than one voice to be heard.
- It promotes the dogmatic religious idea that the Ramayana and Mahabharata are discussions of real historical periods.
- It seeks to present the Moghul/Islamic period in entirely negative terms, and to promote
the idea that Indian resistance to the British Raj was a work of the "Hindu
People".
In sum: these sites are unreliable exercises in political propaganda. Use
them with this in mind.
- WEB History of India [At
historyofindia.com]
Very well illustrated account in Indian history.
-
WEB Itihaas by Akhilesh Mithal [At Geocities]
Writings about Indian history. While Mr. Mithal presents highly opinionated pieces, he
eschews the turgid Hindu/Muslim/Sikh "identity nationalisms" for a more
embracing vision of India. It's still nationalism though!.
Other Resources
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NOTES:
The Internet Indian History Sourcebook is part of the Internet History Sourcebooks Project. The date of inception was
4/8/1998. Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site
name or location].WEB indicates a link to one of small
number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable
overview.
The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of Fordham University, New York. The Internet
Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at
the Fordham University Center
for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the
Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in
providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not
the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action.
© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 12 March 2023 [CV]
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