A. L. De Silva: Homosexuality and Theravada Buddhism [At BuddhaNet]
De Silva discusses the prohibitions for monks in the Vinaya,
the figure of the pandaka in the early texts and the application
of these texts to lay people.
Robert Aitken: Gay marriage from a Buddhist perspective [At QRD]
Aitken is an important figure in American Zen. His discussion
here is mainly directed at modern concerns, but he discusses the
history.
Chris Berry: Queer Film in East Asia, Australian Humanities Review, July 1996 [At latrobe.edu.au]
Manifesto of 1996 Chinese Tongzhi Conference [At HKGAY]
"Tongzhi" is being used in Chinese for Gay. This manifesto
directly asserts a historical basis for modern Chinese homosexuals
and the differences of Chinese Tongzhi movements with western
gay movements.
It has proved to be extraordinarily difficult to find much infromation
about South Asian homosexuality. Some relevant documents are under
"Islam", (including Richard Burton's Terminal Essay,
in which he claims that homosexual activity was common in Indo-Muslim
culture but not Hindu cultures). See also the Buddhist references
collected under "China and Japan).
Vatsyayana: Kama Sutra, Part 2. Chap 9,
1883 trans. by Richard Burton. [At Bibliomania.com]
On "Mouth Congress" and "different types of eunuchs".
The Vinaya [Buddhist Monastic Precepts]
Websites:
Shri Krishna as Kali and Lalita [At Shivashakti.com]
Although the sexual relationships of Indian gods often follow
heterosexual expectations, the individual God/dess may change
form and be incarnate as another. This story could be read as
gay, lesbian, or multiply transgendered.
Tantrik Links [At Shivashakti.com]
Tantricism was the "short path" to Enlightenment in
Hinduism and Buddhism. Sexual ecstasy was a particularly important
feature, often represented by heterosexual "yab-yum"
figures.
Samalinga
Collection of South Asian Queer Writings on the WWW
Christopher N Kendall: Homophobia as an Issue of Sex Discrimination:
Lesbian and Gay Equality and the Systemic Effects of Forced Invisibility, E Law - Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law, Vol
3, No 3 (September 1996) [At www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/]
Dennis Altman: On Global Queering [Australian Humanities Review]
With Responses from Gary Dowsett, Michael Tan, Donald Morton, Christopher Lane, David Halperin and Fran Martin
Seiichi M. Sunday: Tokyo's 1st Gay Parade,
from Outrageous Tokyo: Japan's English Language Gay magazine,
Nov 1994, [At Internet Archive, from shrine.cyber.ad.jp/~darrell/]
Manifesto of 1996 Chinese Tongzhi Conference [At HKGAY]
"Tongzhi" is being used in Chinese for Gay. This manifesto
directly asserts a historical basis for modern Chinese homosexuals
and the differences of Chinese Tongzhi movements with western
gay movements.
Molefi Asante: Interview on Homosexuality,
on THIS WAY OUT [At QRD]
Asante, a leading proponent of Afrocentrism, had long called homosexuality
a western deviation. He has now publically changed his mind, as
more information about African gender/sexuality has come to light.
Gays: Guardians of the Gates,
An Interview with Malidoma Som, M.E.N. Magazine, September
1993 [At Afrinet]
Malidoma Som is charged by his elders of the Dagara tribe of Burkina
Faso with bringing the wisdom of his tribe to the West. His book Ritual: Power, Healing and Community. Malidoma notes "among
the Dagara people, gender has very little to do with anatomy.
It is purely energetic. In that context, a male who is physically
male can vibrate female energy, and vice versa… And this
is something that also touches on what has become known here as
the "gay" or "homosexual" issue. Again, in
the culture that I come from, this is not the issue. These people
are looked on, essentially, as people. The whole notion of "gay"
does not exist in the indigenous world. That does not mean that
there are not people there who feel the way that certain people
feel in this culture, that has led to them being referred to as
'gay'…The gay person is looked at primarily as a 'gatekeeper.'"
Alex Bruzzone: Erections and Ejaculations: Overcomming the taboo [At Internet Archive, from Carleton.ca]
Cross-cultural considerations, including some coments on Herdt's
work with the Sambia of Papua New Guinea.
