Internet Medieval Sourcebook
Selected Sources: England
Contents
- Arthuriana
- Anglo-Saxon Britain
- General
- The Saxon Invasions
- The Age of Bede
- The Age of Alfred
- Law and Government
- Later Anglo-Saxon England
- Ango-Saxon Literature
- Norman England
- The Conquest 1066
- William I: Administration & the Domesday Book
- William II
- Henry I and the Norman Regnum
- Angevin England
- Henry II
- The Man and His Family
- Thomas Becket
- Wars
- Administration and The Origins of Common Law
- Richard I Lionheart
- England under Angevin Rule
- Parliamentary Origins in England
- Common Law: A Law of Real Property
- The Barons Revolt and Magna Carta
- The Struggle of Henry III and His Barons
- Parliament Coalesces
- Later Medieval England
- Government
- Henry III
- Edward I
- Legal Texts
- Yorkists and Lancastrians
- The Tudor Victory
Arthuriana
- WEB For Arthurian texts, not collected
here, see the Camelot Project and
especially the Camelot Project
Author Menu for beautifully presented, introduced, and annotated texts of:
- The Alliterative Morte Arthure
- Annales Cambriae (Annals of Wales), Arthurian References in (c. 960-980)
- The Avowyng of Arthur
- The Awntyrs off Arthur
- The Carle of Carlisle
- Culwch and Olwen (translated by Lady Charlotte Guest as Kilhwch and Olwen)
- The Greene Knight
- The Jeaste of Sir Gawain
- King Arthur and King Cornwall
- The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
- Lancelot of the Laik
- The Marriage of Sir Gawain
- Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle
- Sir Perceval of Galles
- Sir Tristrem
- Stanzaic Morte Arthur
- The Turke and Sir Gawain
- The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle
- A selection of post medieval-Arthurian literature [Tennyson, Emerson, Swinbourne
and so on.]
Anglo-Saxon Britain
- General
- The Saxon Invasions
- The Age of Bede
- Northumbria
- Mercia
- The Ninth Century
- The Viking Invasions and After
- The Age of Alfred
- The 10th Century
- The 11th Century: Later Anglo-Saxon England
- Edgar, King of the English: Grant of Exemption from
Taxation to Glastonbury, 965
- Canute the Great: Granting of Fiefs, 1028
- Canute, King of the English: Inheritance in Case of
Intestacy, c. 1016-1035
- Canute, King of the English: On Heriots and Reliefs,
c. 1016-1035
- The Chronicle of Ethelwerd.
-
St. Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester: Sermo Lupi ad Anglos, c. 1014,
full text, in Latin and English. [Requires Frames], [At Rochester].
The sermon of the Wolf to the English, when the Danes were greatly persecuting them, which
was in the year 1014 after the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ.
- King Edmund (939-946): First Code 10th Century. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- King Æthelred (978-1016: Æthelred’s Woodstock Code, also known as I Æthelred. 997. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Church and Society
- King Æthelberht (c.590-616): Grants land in Rochester to the church of St Andrew. Fraudulent document claiming to be from 604 but invented c. 1066. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Æthelred II (c. 966 – 23 April 1016, known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death): Restores to the see of Rochester at the request of Bishop Godwine six sulungs at Wouldham and one mansa at Littlebrook. 995 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The dispute between Bishop Godwine and Leofwine over the estate of Snodland. 995-1005 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Æthelred II (c. 966 – 23 April 1016, known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death):: Restores to the see of Rochester six sulungs at Bromley and the use of forest in the Weald. 998 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Æthelred II (c. 966 – 23 April 1016, known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death): Grants to Bishop Godwine of Rochester fifteen hides at Fen Stanton and Hilton, Hunts. A.D. 1012. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- History of the estates of Bromley and Fawkham, Kent, in the time of King Eadgar and immediately afterwards (Edgar ruled 959-975) 980-987. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Law and Government
- WEB Early English Laws
Early English Laws is a project to publish online and in print new editions and translations of all English legal codes, edicts, and treatises produced up to the time of Magna Carta 1215.
- Laws of Ethelbert, Alfred: Dooms, both copyrighted, but see next
item
- Laws of
Alfred and Ine [In Anglo Saxon] [At Labryinth]
- Anglo Saxon Dooms, 560-975, In English. These
include:
- The Laws of Æthelberht, King of Kent 560-616 A.D.
- The Laws of Kings Hlothhære and Eadric 673-686 A.D.
- The Laws of King Wihtræd 690-725 A.D.
- The Laws of King Alfred 871-901 A.D.
- The Laws of King Edward the Elder, 901-924 A.D.
- The Laws of Alfred, Guthrum, and Edward the Elder
- The North People's Law
- Mercian Law
- The Laws of King Athelstan 924-939 A.D.
- The Laws of King Edmund I 939-946 A.D.
- The Laws of King Edgar 959-975 A.D.
- The anonymous law known as Ordal (‘Ordeal’) 11-12th Century. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The anonymous fragment of law known as Walreaf (‘Corpse Robbery’). c. 10th Century? [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The anonymous fragment of law known as Pax (‘Peace’) c. 10th Century? [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Hu se man sceal swerie (‘How the person must swear an oath’) c. 10th Century? [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The anonymous tract known as Be Mirciscan Aðe (‘Concerning the Mercian Oath’) 1002-23. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The anonymous tract known as Be Mircna Laga (‘Concerning Laws of the Mercians’). 9th Century. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- King Edmund (939-946): First Code 10th Century. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- King Æthelred (978-1016: Æthelred’s Woodstock Code, also known as I Æthelred. 997. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Anglo-Saxon Literature
- Beowulf, 8th century, trans Francis Gummere [HTML,
here]
- Beowulf, c. 1100
[At Lone Star]
Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic in English literature - and it survives in only one
manuscript. This copy survived both the wholesale destruction of religious artifacts
during the
dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII and a disastrous fire which destroyed the
library of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton (1571-1631). The poem still bears the scars of the
fire, visible at the upper left corner of the manuscript. This is a modern verse
trasnlation by David
Breeden.
- Anglo-Saxon Charms, trans. Karen
Jolly [At Univ. Hawaii].
Norman England
- William of Newburgh: History, full text
- The Conquest, 1066
- William I: Administration and the Domesday Book
- William II Rufus
- Henry I and the Norman Regnum
- Church and Society under the Normans
- William II (r. 1087-1100): Grants the manor of Haddenham to Bishop Gundulf for which, in return, Gundulf builds Rochester Castle. Ascribed to William II but editor thinks it was written c1108-1123. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The dispute between bishop Gundulf and Pichot, sheriff of Cambridge. After 1087. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Agreement between Bishop Gundulf and Haimo son of Vitalis concerning privileges relating to the church at Stourmouth. 1093-1108 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Hugh, in agreement with his wife Emma and his sons, grants land at Southgate to St Andrew’s, Rochester. 1114-23 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Goldwin ‘the Greek’: Grants of land to St Andrew’s, Rochester, for the expansion of the cemetery. 1115-23 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Note on the bishop’s provisions from the church at Northfleet. after 1093-c1200 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Note concerning Geoffrey of Delce’s grant of land near Prestefield in order for his son to become a monk at St Andrew’s Priory. 1123-1200 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Bishop Gundulf: Arrangements for the clothing of the monks. c.1089–c.11081 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Bishop Ernulf: Grants privileges and lands to the church of St Andrew at Rochester. c.1114-c.1123 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Bishop Ernulf: Grants funds for the building and maintenance of St Andrew’s Priory. 1114-1124 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Bishop Ernulf: Sets up alms-giving in honour of Gundulf. 1114-1124 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Election of Avice as the first abbess of Malling. 7th March 1108 See Wikipedia: Malling Abbey [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- An Agreement made by the monks of Rochester with the wife of Robert Latimer. c.1100-c.1123[Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- William I (1066-1087): Gift of one hundred pounds, shortly before his death, to the church of St Andrew, Rochester 1087. [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Bishop Gundulf: Bishop Gundulf affirms his release to William II of land at Borstal in exchange for three acres of land which were originally granted by bishop Odo to St Andrew’s Priory as garden for the monks. c.1088-c.1094 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Bishop Gundulf: Bishop Gundulf confirms a grant by Gilbert the priest of three hides at Haddenham in exchange for Gilbert entering the monastic life. After 1086 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- The account of Gilbert entering the monastic life. c.1091-c.1100 [Manuscript, transcription, translation and introduction by Christopher Monk from the Textus Roffensis, online at Rochester Cathedral]. See also Wikipedia: Textus Roffensis (1122-1124).
- Stephen
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: on Stephen, copyrighted?
- Henry of Huntingdon: Chronicle [c.1080-1160] - on
King Stephen's reign.
Angevin England
- Henry II
- The Man and His Family
- Peter of Blois: Letter 154, to Queen Eleanor, 1173,
trans. M. Markowski [M-Markow@wcslc.edu].
- Peter of Blois: Description of Henry II [Letter no. 66: to Walter, archbishop of Palermo, 1177)]
- Roger of Hoveden: The Revolt of 1173-74, from The
Chronicle
- Roger of Hoveden: The Revolt and Death of the Young
King, 1183, from The Chronicle
- Gerald of Wales: On Henry II and his sons,
from The Topography of Ireland, Chapters 49-50
- Gerald of Wales: Death of King Henry II and
comments on the Angevin Family, from De Instructione Principis (On the
Instruction of a Prince)
- Roger of Hoveden: The Last Days and Death of Henry II,
1189, from The Chronicle
- The Chronicle of "Benedict of Peterborough": The Death of King Henry II, 1189
- Gerald of Wales (1146-1225): The Death of
King Henry II, from the Life of Archbishop Geoffrey of York
- Thomas Becket
-
WEB Thomas Becket Page
Scott McLetchie's web site with collected texts associated with Becket, and a visual tour
of Canterbury cathedral.
- Roger of Hoveden: The Chronicle: On the
Disputes between Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury and King Henry II of England,
early 13th c.
All the material from this chronicle relevant to the Becket matter; Roger quotes many
letters written by those closely involved in the dispute, including Thomas himself.
- William of Newburgh: on Henry II, copyrighted? See next item
- William of Newburgh: Becket and Henry,
selections from Book II of his History, c. 1200
Three chapters concerning Becket's career, the murder, and Henry II's penance at the tomb
in 1174.
- Gervase of Canterbury, d. 1205: Thomas Becket's Life,
from History of the Archbishops of Canterbury
A precis of Thomas' career taken from Gervase's History of the Archbishops of
Canterbury
- Gervase of Canterbury, d. 1205: Thomas Becket's Death
Description of the martyrdom from the same work.
- Edward Grim: The Murder of Becket, Dec. 29, 1170 from Vita S. Thomae, Cantuariensis Archepiscopi et Martyris trans. Dawn Marie Hayes
[dms0603@is2.nyu.edu]. See also
Catholic
Encyclopedia: Thomas Becket.
- The Chronicle of "Benedict of Peterborough": The Murder of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of
Canterbury, 29 December 1170
- Church and Society under the Angevins
- Wars
- Gerald of Wales (1146-1225): The Conquest of
Ireland, Book I, Chapter 46: Description of Henry II, king of the English.
- Administration and The Origins of Common Law
- Richard I Lionheart
- England under Angevin Rule
Parliamentary Origins in
England
- Common Law: A Law of Real Property
- See the Medieval Sourcebook: Medieval Legal History page
- WEB Early English Laws
Early English Laws is a project to publish online and in print new editions and translations of all English legal codes, edicts, and treatises produced up to the time of Magna Carta 1215.
- F. W. Maitland: The Forms of Action at
Common Law, 1909
- Robert Palmer: Origins of Common
Law. [At Houston]
This informative discussion contains, embedded, the following documents:
- The Treaty of Winchester: Between Stephen and Henry [II], (1153)
- The Writ of Right (from Glanvill, 12.3)
- The Assize of Northampton, cc. 4-5 (1176)
- The Assize of Novel Disseisin [the earliest example of the writ of NOVEL DISSEISIN we
have; it comes from Glanvill, 13.33 (circa 1188)]
- Select English Writs
Texts in Latin and English of the most important early writs.
- Robert Palmer: The Law in
1188: Glanvill. [At Houston]
Contains substantial excerpts from the law book known as Glanvill
- Robert Palmer: Rules of Law.
[At Houston]
Page down this page for text of rules of law such as Utrum and Darein presentment.
- Assizes: Novel Disseisin and Utrum, copyrighted
See above.
- Dialogue of the Exchequer, 1180s. [Full
text of Book First, titles of Book Second]
- The Pipe Roll of the Bishopric of
Winchester, 1208-1209
Pipe roll records are among the most detail of all medieval sources, and show both the
development of the English administrative system, as well as types and scale of economic
activity.
- Bracton: De Legibus Et
Consuetudinibus Angliæ (On the Laws and Customs of England), in English and Latin,
attributed to Henry of Bratton, c. 1210-1268), Full Text. [At Harvard]
- The Barons' Revolt and Magna Carta
- King John of England: Fees for Use of the Great Seal,
1199
- King John of England: Royal Licenses to Export and
Import, 1205-1206
- King John of England: Prisage on Wine, 1205
- Articles of the Barons, Jun 15, 1215, copyrighted
- Magna Carta, 1215, A Magna Carta in plain text is also available, as is a
British Library modern translation.
- Roger of Wendover: Runneymede 1215 from Flowers
of Hisory.
- John I: Concession Of England To The Pope. A.D. 1213,.
- Innocent III: Declaration that Magna Carta is Null and Void, Aug 24, 1215, copyrighted
- Magna Carta, 1216, (a revised version), copyrighted
- The Struggle of Henry III and His Barons
- Parliament Coalesces
Later Medieval England
- Government
- Henry III
- Edward I
- The Register of Roger Martival, Bishop of Salisbury,
1315-1330, trans. Richard Barton
Texts from the Register of Roger Martivall, Bishop of Salisbury. The last one, in
particular, is of interest, as it is concerned with criminous clerks and clerical status.
- Legal Texts
- Statuta Armorum (The Statutes of Arms),
c. 1260
- The Assizes of Bread, Beer, & Lucrum Pistoris
- Statuta de Forstallariis (Statute of
Forestallers), c. 1300
- Judicium Pillorie (The Judgment of the
Pillory)
- Statuta de Mercatoribus (Statutes of
Merchants), 11 Edw. I (1283) & 13 Edw. I (1285)
- Edward I: Edward I: Statute of Quia Emptores,
1290.
- Edward I: Statute of Mortmain, 1279.
-
Edward I: Confirmatio Cartarum,
November 5, 1297, (Confirmation of Henry III's version of the Magna Carta). [At Britannia.com]
- Robert Palmer: Statutes of
Edward I [At Univ. Houston].
Texts, plus discussion, with case examples.
- Robert Palmer: The Equity Courts.
[At Univ. Houston]
Texts, plus discussion, with case examples.
-
Orders
for the English Fleet, 1326. [At Hillsdale]
- Ordinance of Laborers, 1349.
- Statute of Laborers, 1351.
- Titulus Regius, 1484
[At R3]
The Act of Parliament settling the crown on Richard III.
- Various Select Pleas
These documents illustrate the development of the English legal system.
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 - Cornish
Eyre.
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial
Courts, Reigns of Henry III and Edward III - Manor of Brightwaltham.
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Lincolnshire Eyre.
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Northamptonshire Eyre.
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Bedfordshire Eyre.
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Staffordshire Eyre.
- Select Pleas of the Crown, 1200-1225 -
Shropshire Eyre.
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns of
Henry III and Edward I - Manors of the Abbey of Bec, A.D. 1247.
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns
of Henry III and Edward I - Manors of the Abbey of Bec, A.D. 1248.
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns
of Henry III and Edward I - Manors of the Abbey of Bec, A.D. 1249.
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns
of Henry III and Edward I - Manors of the Abbey of Bec, A.D. 1275.
- Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial Courts, Reigns
of Henry III and Edward I - Manors of the Abbey of Bec, A.D. 1280.
- Court Rolls of The Manor of Wakefield,
1274-1297
- Public Violence
-
Jean Froissart: The
English Peasant Revolt, 1381, from Chronicles [At Nipissing].
- Jack Cade: Proclamation of Grievances, 1450
-
The
Second Battle of St. Albans, 1461. [At Hillsdale, now Internet Archive]
-
Invasion
of Northern England, 1463. [At Hillsdale, now Internet Archive]
-
Siege
of Bamborough, 1464. [At Hillsdale, now Internet Archive]
-
The
Battle of Barnet, 1471. [At Hillsdale, now Internet Archive]
-
The
Battle of Tewkesbury, 1471. [At Hillsdale, now Internet Archive]
-
Equipment
List of the HMS Mary Rose, 1514. [At Hillsdale, now Internet Archive]
- Yorkists and Lancastrians
- Sir Jean Froissart: John of Gaunt in Portugal,
1385
- For Wycliff and Lollards see Reformation page
- WEB Sources on Richard III and The Yorkist
Dynasty [At Richard III Society.]
- Medieval sources are linked to directly from here, but the site contains many more early
modern and modern discussions of the Richard III controversy.
- Anonymous: Croyland
Chronicle [At R3]
A portion of the Second Continuation, and the full text of the Third and Fourth
Continuations. Covers all entries for the period 1453-1486. Important primary source for
the study of the Wars of the Roses and especially the reigns of Henry VI, Edward IV, and
Richard III.
- Anonymous: History of the Arrival of Edward IV. in England and the Final Recovery of
His Kingdoms from Henry VI [At R3]
Yorkist propaganda in one of its earlier manifestations.
- Thomas More: The History of King
Richard the Third.
- Nicolas, Nicholas Harris: The
Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York: The Wardrobe Accounts of Edward IV [At
R3]
Nicolas's introductory memoirs of Yorkist royalty, with commentary on the
Ricardian controversies of the time; the privy purse expenses of Elizabeth of York. To
come: the Wardrobe Accounts. A lengthy series of documents, consisting of 24 interlinked
files.
- Plantagenet, Richard: The
Statutes Ordained by Richard Duke of Gloucester, for the College of Middleham, July 4, 1478. [At R3]
- Titulus Regius, 1484
[At R3]
The Act of Parliament settling the crown on Richard III.
- Polydore Vergil: Anglica Historia,
Books 23-25.
History of the deposition of Edward V and the reign of Richard III by humanist historian
Polydore Vergil. One of the classic traditionalist sources.
- Horace Walpole: Historic
Doubts on the Life and Reign of King Richard III, 1768.
- John Warkworth, DD.: A
Chronicle of the First Thirteen Years of the Reign of King Edward the Fourth.
[At R3]
Contemporary chronicle with Lancastrian leanings.
- The Tudor Victory
- Anonymous: The Ballad of Bosworth Field [At R3]
Sixteenth-century poem, thought to be written by an eye-witness to the battle, with
exhaustive list of Richard III's supporters.
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© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 20 January 2021
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